Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features

Occupation: Senior Researcher Fellow
Affiliation: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Journal name

Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost

Edition

Issue 2

Pages

45-56

Abstract

The article is a review of the earliest Arab-Persian historical works containing information about the beginning of the existence of the Anushteginid dynasty in Khorezm and the formation of their own independent state, which by the beginning of the XIII century will be considered one of the largest political entities of the Islamic East, and then will fall under the attack of the Mongol conquerors. Historical sources about Khorezm, written by authors of the XIII century, and later monuments are much more widely used by researchers of the history of this state education than earlier texts. Often such works are used by historians specializing in the history of the Seljukid state, and information about Khorezm and its rulers from these monuments is much less in demand. We would like not only to provide an overview of the corpus of early sources on the history of Khorezm, which would present all the historical and geographical texts containing information on the issues of interest to us, but also to highlight the links between specific monuments, to provide readers with an overview of data about Khorezm in this or that specified source. This kind of research will be useful both for specialists dealing directly with the history of the Anushteginid dynasty, and for those who specialize in related scientific issues: the history of the seljukid dynasty, local dynasties that arose after the death of sultan Sanjar, various aspects of the development of medieval Arab-Persian historiography of the XII century, and similar scientific problems.

<em >

Keywords

Khorezm, the Arab-Persian sources, Anushteginids, Seljukids, local dynasty, medieval historiography

Acknowledgment

The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-19-50159

Received

11.04.2021

Publication date

29.04.2021

Number of characters

29888

Cite

GOST	Timokhin D. Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features // Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost – 2021. – Issue 2 C. 45-56 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://vostokoriens.jes.su/S086919080014217-5-1 (circulation date: 22.07.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S086919080014217-5
MLA	Timokhin, Dmitriy "Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features." Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost 2 (2021):45-56. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080014217-5
APA	Timokhin D. (2021). Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features. Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost (2), pp.45-56 DOI: 10.31857/S086919080014217-5

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Размещенный ниже текст является ознакомительной версией и может не соответствовать печатной


1	История Хорезма в годы правления династии Ануштегинидов привлекала внимание специалистов, преимущественно, в связи с монгольским вторжением, в результате которого это политическое образование перестало существовать, а обширные территории, входившие в его состав, либо были присоединены к империи Чингиз-хана, либо сформировали независимые, но очень недолговечные монархии. Этим, по-видимому, объясняется интерес ученых к источникам по истории Хорезма, в которых помимо всего прочего находила свое отражение монголо-хорезмийская война 1219-1221 гг., а в ряде случаев – и дальнейшие монгольские завоевательные походы. Такие средневековые сочинения не только наилучшим образом известны специалистам, но и обладают собственной обширной историографией. Более ранние памятники, отражающие историю Хорезма от формирования династии Ануштегинидов и до начала XIII в., не удостоились такого внимания российских и зарубежных востоковедов. Попытки их систематизации предпринимались либо в работах по смежной тематике [Агаджанов, 1969, с. 19; ал-Хусайни, 1980, с. 10], либо в трудах, где анализировались те или иные направления средневековой историографии [Cahen, 1962, p. 59-78; Peacock, 2014(1), р. 2-19; A history of Persian literature, 2012]. Единственным исключением можно считать классический труд В.В. Бартольда «Туркестан в эпоху монгольского нашествия» [Бартольд, 1963]. Однако с момента публикации этого исследования даже специальные работы по истории Хорезма не всегда сопровождались разделом, посвященным анализу и систематизации исторических источников: в качестве примера можно привести столь монографию З.М. Буниятова, а также целый ряд других работ по хорезмийской проблематике [Буниятов 1986; Аlami, 2011, р. 467–470; Kafesoğlu, 1956; Taneri, 1993; Dabir Seyagi, 1977; Taneri, 1977]. Подобная тенденция отмечается и в работах по иной тематике, где обзор источников представлен в небольшом объеме, либо отсутствует вовсе (См.: [Гусейнов, 1970, c. 185–198; Маркарян, 1991; Cambridge History of Iran, 1968]).
2	При этом уже В.В. Бартольд пишет о значимости арабо-персидских сочинениях XII в. для реконструкции истории Хорезма [Бартольд, 1963, c. 77]. Однако он же отмечает, что, несмотря на военное и политическое господство Хорезма на Среднем Востоке накануне монгольского нашествия, нам практически неизвестны примеры собственно хорезмийской историографии XII – начало XIII в., а истории династии Ануштегинидов реконструируется, преимущественно, на основании поздних текстов [Бартольд, 1963, c. 77]. Можно предположить, что это связано с монгольским нашествием и гибелью библиотек и архивов крупнейших городских центров Хорезмийской державы. Подобная ситуация логично требует либо обращения к текстам монгольского периода, либо к тем историческим источникам XII в., которые содержат информацию по данной проблематике, но не являются при этом частью «хорезмийской» историографией. Именно о последних, преимущественно, пойдет речь в этой статье: необходимо очертить границы корпуса домонгольских памятников, обозначить особенности их структуры и содержащихся в них данных о Хорезме.

Number of purchasers: 1, views: 653

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Agadzhanov S.G. Essays on the History of the Oghuz and the Turkmens of Central Asia in 9–13 centuries. Ashkhabad: Ilym, 1969 (in Russian).

2. Bartol'd V.V. Turkestan during the Mongol Invasion. Pt. 1. Texts. Saint Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk, 1898 (in Russian).

3. Bartol'd V.V. Turkestan during the Mongol Invasion. Pt. 2. Texts. Saint Petersburg: Tip. V. Kirshbauma, 1900 (in Russian).

4. Bartol'd V.V. Turkestan during the Mongol Invasion. Vol. 1. Works. Moscow: Nauka, 1963. Pp. 45–597 (in Russian).

5. Bartol'd V.V. Horezmshah. Articles from the Encyclopedia of Islam. Works. Vol. 2. Pt. 2. Moscow: Nauka, 1964. Pp. 535–537 (in Russian).

6. Bartol'd V.V. Bejhaki, Abu-l-Hasan. Works. Vol. 8. Moscow: Nauka, 1973. S. 586–587 (in Russian).

7. Bunijatov Z.M. State of the Atabeks of Azerbaijan: 1136–1225. Baku: Elm, 1978 (in Russian).

8. Buniyatov Z.M. The Khorezm State of the Anushteginids 1097–1231. Moscow: Glavnaia redakstiia vostochnoi literatury izdatel'stva “Nauka”, 1986 (in Russian).

9. Gusejnov R.A. The Iraqi Seljukids, the Ildegizids and Transcaucasia. Palestinian Collection. Vol. 21. The Near East and Iran. Leningrad: Nauka, Leningradskoe otdelenie, 1970. Pp. 185–198 (in Russian).

10. al-Dzhuvajni Muntadzhab ad-Din Badi Atabek. Levels of Improvement of Katib (Atabat al-Kataba). Transl. G.M. Kurpalidis. Moscow: Nauka, 1985 (in Russian).

11. Dzhuvejni. Chingiz Khan. The History of the Conqueror of the World. Transl. E.E. Haritonov. Moscow: Magistr-Press, 2004 (in Russian).

12. Ibn al-Asir. Al-Kamil fi-t-Tarikh. The Full Compendium of History. Selected Passages. Transl. P.G. Bulgakov, SH.S. Kamoliddin. Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2006 (in Russian).

13. Kamaliddinov Sh. “Kitab al-ansab” of Abu Sa‘da ‘Abd al-Karim ibn Muhammad as-Sam‘ani as a Source on the History and History of the Culture of Central Asia. Tashkent: Fan, 1993 (in Russian).

14. Markarjan S.A. Seljuks in the 11th Century Iran. Saratov: Saratov State University Publishing House, 1991 (in Russian).

15. Materials on the History of Turkmenistan and Turkmenistan. Vol. I. Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1939 (in Russian).

16. Rashid ad-Din. The Compendium of Chronicles. Transl.: A.K. Arends, Ju.P. Verhovskij, O.I. Smirnova, L.A. Hetagurov. Vol. 1–2. Moscow; Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1946–1952 (in Russian).

17. Secrets of Unity with God in the Exploits of Elder Abu Sa'id. Ed. V.A. Zhukovskij. Saint Petersburg: Tipo-lit. I. Baraganskogo i K°, 1899 (in Russian).

18. Timokhin D.M. “Tarikh al-Wuzara” as a Source on the History of Khorezm. Vostok (Oriens). 2020. No. 3. Pp. 98–108 (in Russian).

19. al-Husayni, Sadr ad-Din ‘Ali. “Reports on the Seljuk State”. “The Cream of Chronicles, Telling about the Seljuk Emirs, and the Lords”. Transl. Z.M. Buniyatov. Moscow: Glavnaia redaktsiia vostochnoi literatury izdatel'stva “Nauka”, 1980 (in Russian).

20. Аlami Ali Mahmodi. Political Relation of the Saljuqid and Qarazmshahian. Journal of American Science. 2011. No. 7(12). Pp. 467–470.

21. Baha al-Din Mohammad ibn al-Bagdadi. Seeking Access to Business Correspondence. Тehran: Ketabhaneyye Ahmad Bahmanyar, 1937 (in Persian).

22. Bayhaki, Zahir ad-Din. The History of Bayhak. Tehran: Chaphaneyye Tehran, 1317 (in Persian).

23. Cahen Cl. The Historiography of the Seljuqid period. Historians of the Middle East. Ed. B. Lewis, P.M. Holt. London: Oxford University Press, 1962. Pp. 59–78.

24. Cahen Cl. The Historiography of the Seljuqid Period. Cahen Cl. Les peoples musulmans dans l’histoire medieval. Damas: Presses de l’Ifpo, 1977. Pp. 37–63.

25. Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 5. The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Ed. J.A. Boyle. Cambridge: University Press, 1968.

26. Dabir Seyagi М. Sultan Jalal ad-Din Horezmshah. Tehran: Chaphaneyye Tehran, 1977 (in Persian).

27. Das Geschenk aus des Saldschukengeschichte von dem wesir Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Muhammad b. Abdallah b. al-Ni’tam al-Husaini al-Jazdi. Ed. Karl Sussheim. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1909.

28. Histoire des seldjoucides de l'Iraq par al-Bondari d'apres Imad ad-din al-Katib al-Isfahani. Recueil de textes relatifs a l'histoire des seldjoucides. Ed. M.Th. Houtsma. Vol. II. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1889.

29. A History of Persian Literature. Vol. X. Persian Historiography. Ed. by Ch. Mellvile. London, New York: I.B. Tauris, 2012.

30. Ibn al-Jawzi. Ordered [summary] on the History of Lords and Peoples. Vol. 1–19. Beyrut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah, 1992 (in Arabic).

31. Kafesoğlu I. The History of the Khwarazmian dynasty (485–617/1092–1229). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1956 (in Turkish).

32. Kermani Afzal al-Din. The Beginning of Time. Ed. Mehdi Bayâni. Tehran: Chaphaneyye Tehran, 1947 (in Persian).

33. Kermani Hamid-e Afzal al-Din. The First String of Pearls for the Highest Point. Tehran: Chaphaneyye Tehran, 1932 (in Persian).

34. Marvazi, Sharaf al-Zaman Tahir. On China, the Turcs and India, Arabic Text with an English Translation Commentary by V. Minorsky. London: The Royal Asiatic Society, 1942.

35. Merçil E., Sevim A. The History of the Seljuk States. Politics, Organization and Culture. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1995 (in Turkish).

36. Mirhond. Histoire de sultan du Kharezm. Le texte persian. Chrestomathies orientales ou recueil de textes arabes, turks, persans, grecs-modernes, armeniens et indostanis. Paris: Typographie de Firmin Didot Frères, 1841.

37. Mohammad ibn Ibrahim. Tavvarih-e al-e saljouk. Recueil de textes relatifs a l'histoire des seldjoucides. Ed. M.Th. Houtsma. Vol. I. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1886.

38. The Compendium of Stories and Narratives. Tehran: Chaphaneyye Havar Tehran, 1318 (in Persian).

39. Natanzi Moin ad-Din. Selected Stories of Moin. Tehran: Chaphaneyye Havar Tehran, 1957 (in Persian).

40. Nishapuri, Zahir ad-Din. The Book of Seljuk [Empire]. Tehran: Chaphaneyye Havar Tehran, 1953 (in Persian).

41. Peacock A.C.S. Court Historiography of the Seljuk Empire in Iran and Iraq: Reflection on Content, Authorship and Language. Iranian Studies. 2014. Vol. 47. Issue 2. Pp. 2–19.

42. Peacock A.C.S. ‘Imad al-Din Isfahani’s Nusrat al-Fatra, Seljuk Politics and Ayyubid Origins, Ferdowsi, The Mongols and the History of Iran. Art, literature and culture from early Islam to Qajar Persia. London, New York: I.B. Tauris, 2014. Pp. 78–91.

43. Qazvini, Hamdallah. Tarihi gouzide. Vol. 1. Trad. Y. Le Strange. Paris: Maisonneuve et Guilmoto, 1903.

44. al-Qummi, Najm al-Din Abu l-Riza’. The History of Vezirs. Ed. Muhammed Taki Dânish-Pazûh. Tehran: Muassase-i Mutalaat va Tahkikat-i Farhangi, 1985/1363 (in Persian).

45. Ravandi Mohammad. Calming Hearts and a Sign of Joy. Ed. Mohammad Iqbal. Leiden; London: Luzac & Co., 1921 (in Persian).

46. al-Razi Fakhr al-Din. The Сollection of Sciences. Ed. Mohammad Alkarayi. Lahor: Faridbukstal, 1988 (in Persian).

47. The Saljūqnāma of Żahīr al-Dīn Nīshāpūrī. Ed. A.H. Morton. Chippenham: Gibb Memorial Trust, 2004.

48. T̤abakāt-i-Nāṣirī: A General History of the Muhammadan Dynasties of Asia, Including Hindustan; from A.H. 194 (810 A.D.) to A.H. 658 (1260 A.D.) and the Irruption of the Infidel Mughals into Islam by Minhāj-ud-dīn, Abū-’Umar-i-‘Usmān. Transl. from Original Persian Manuscripts by H.G. Raverty. Vol. I. London: Gilbert & Rivington, 1881.

49. The Tajârib al-umam, or History, of Ibn Miskawayh (Abu 'Ali Ahmad b.Muhammad). With a Summary and Index by L. Caetani. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1913.

50. Taneri A. Jalal al-Din Khwârazmshâh and His Time. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1977 (in Turkish).

51. Taneri A. The Dynasty of Khwârazmshâhs. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1993 (in Turkish).

52. Vatvat, Rashid ad-Din. The Epistles of Rashid ad-Din Vatvat. Ed. Saʿīd Nafīs. Tehran: Kitabkhana-yi Barani, 1960 (in Persian).