Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features

Occupation: Senior Researcher Fellow
Affiliation: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Journal name

Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost

Edition

Issue 2

Pages

45-56

Abstract

The article is a review of the earliest Arab-Persian historical works containing information about the beginning of the existence of the Anushteginid dynasty in Khorezm and the formation of their own independent state, which by the beginning of the XIII century will be considered one of the largest political entities of the Islamic East, and then will fall under the attack of the Mongol conquerors. Historical sources about Khorezm, written by authors of the XIII century, and later monuments are much more widely used by researchers of the history of this state education than earlier texts. Often such works are used by historians specializing in the history of the Seljukid state, and information about Khorezm and its rulers from these monuments is much less in demand. We would like not only to provide an overview of the corpus of early sources on the history of Khorezm, which would present all the historical and geographical texts containing information on the issues of interest to us, but also to highlight the links between specific monuments, to provide readers with an overview of data about Khorezm in this or that specified source. This kind of research will be useful both for specialists dealing directly with the history of the Anushteginid dynasty, and for those who specialize in related scientific issues: the history of the seljukid dynasty, local dynasties that arose after the death of sultan Sanjar, various aspects of the development of medieval Arab-Persian historiography of the XII century, and similar scientific problems.

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Keywords

Khorezm, the Arab-Persian sources, Anushteginids, Seljukids, local dynasty, medieval historiography

Acknowledgment

The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-19-50159

Received

11.04.2021

Publication date

29.04.2021

Number of characters

29888

Cite

GOST	Timokhin D. Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features // Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost – 2021. – Issue 2 C. 45-56 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://vostokoriens.jes.su/S086919080014217-5-1 (circulation date: 27.07.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S086919080014217-5
MLA	Timokhin, Dmitriy "Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features." Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost 2 (2021):45-56. DOI: 10.31857/S086919080014217-5
APA	Timokhin D. (2021). Review of 12-century arab-persian sources on the history of Khorezm: structure and content features. Vostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost (2), pp.45-56 DOI: 10.31857/S086919080014217-5

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1	История Хорезма в годы правления династии Ануштегинидов привлекала внимание специалистов, преимущественно, в связи с монгольским вторжением, в результате которого это политическое образование перестало существовать, а обширные территории, входившие в его состав, либо были присоединены к империи Чингиз-хана, либо сформировали независимые, но очень недолговечные монархии. Этим, по-видимому, объясняется интерес ученых к источникам по истории Хорезма, в которых помимо всего прочего находила свое отражение монголо-хорезмийская война 1219-1221 гг., а в ряде случаев – и дальнейшие монгольские завоевательные походы. Такие средневековые сочинения не только наилучшим образом известны специалистам, но и обладают собственной обширной историографией. Более ранние памятники, отражающие историю Хорезма от формирования династии Ануштегинидов и до начала XIII в., не удостоились такого внимания российских и зарубежных востоковедов. Попытки их систематизации предпринимались либо в работах по смежной тематике [Агаджанов, 1969, с. 19; ал-Хусайни, 1980, с. 10], либо в трудах, где анализировались те или иные направления средневековой историографии [Cahen, 1962, p. 59-78; Peacock, 2014(1), р. 2-19; A history of Persian literature, 2012]. Единственным исключением можно считать классический труд В.В. Бартольда «Туркестан в эпоху монгольского нашествия» [Бартольд, 1963]. Однако с момента публикации этого исследования даже специальные работы по истории Хорезма не всегда сопровождались разделом, посвященным анализу и систематизации исторических источников: в качестве примера можно привести столь монографию З.М. Буниятова, а также целый ряд других работ по хорезмийской проблематике [Буниятов 1986; Аlami, 2011, р. 467–470; Kafesoğlu, 1956; Taneri, 1993; Dabir Seyagi, 1977; Taneri, 1977]. Подобная тенденция отмечается и в работах по иной тематике, где обзор источников представлен в небольшом объеме, либо отсутствует вовсе (См.: [Гусейнов, 1970, c. 185–198; Маркарян, 1991; Cambridge History of Iran, 1968]).
2	При этом уже В.В. Бартольд пишет о значимости арабо-персидских сочинениях XII в. для реконструкции истории Хорезма [Бартольд, 1963, c. 77]. Однако он же отмечает, что, несмотря на военное и политическое господство Хорезма на Среднем Востоке накануне монгольского нашествия, нам практически неизвестны примеры собственно хорезмийской историографии XII – начало XIII в., а истории династии Ануштегинидов реконструируется, преимущественно, на основании поздних текстов [Бартольд, 1963, c. 77]. Можно предположить, что это связано с монгольским нашествием и гибелью библиотек и архивов крупнейших городских центров Хорезмийской державы. Подобная ситуация логично требует либо обращения к текстам монгольского периода, либо к тем историческим источникам XII в., которые содержат информацию по данной проблематике, но не являются при этом частью «хорезмийской» историографией. Именно о последних, преимущественно, пойдет речь в этой статье: необходимо очертить границы корпуса домонгольских памятников, обозначить особенности их структуры и содержащихся в них данных о Хорезме.

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