The Root *dheh1- ‘Put, Pose; Make, Act’  in Old Greek and Italic on the Indo-European Background

The development of root *dheh1- is considered, previously in Greek and Italic. This root, as also some other with laryngeal auslaut, is developed into a stem with auslaut *¬-k-, whose origin is disputable. Probably, it appeared as a glide, a result connection of two laryngeals (in 1 Sg. perfect), and originally characterized its “strong” forms. This glide is spread on the stem of aorist, and became a marker of active singular. In some other roots it spread on the whole verbal paradigm in all tenses. The verbal stem in Italic is formed with this *-k- – the variant with full grade in preterit, and derived present with zero grade and suffix *-io-; then a stative verb with suffix -ē-. Traces of the same morphological process are attested also in Germanic language; in Tocharian languages there are stems with -k-, what replaces an old laryngeal. The morphological and semantic archaisms of the root *dheh1- is argued

Keywords

etymology, reconstruction, morphology, Indo-European verb, laryngeal, ablaut

Received

04.10.2021

Publication date

11.03.2022

Number of characters

50565

Cite

GOST	Krasukhin K. The Root *dheh1- ‘Put, Pose; Make, Act’ in Old Greek and Italic on the Indo-European Background // Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka – 2022. – V. 81. – Issue 1 C. 37-50 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://izv-oifn.ru/S160578800018925-3-1 (circulation date: 03.05.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S160578800018925-3
MLA	Krasukhin, Konstantin "The Root dheh1- ‘Put, Pose; Make, Act’ in Old Greek and Italic on the Indo-European Background." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka* 81.1 (2022):37-50. DOI: 10.31857/S160578800018925-3
APA	Krasukhin K. (2022). The Root dheh1- ‘Put, Pose; Make, Act’ in Old Greek and Italic on the Indo-European Background. Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka* 81(1), pp.37-50 DOI: 10.31857/S160578800018925-3

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 294

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Bader F. Les forms du parfait redouble en grec. BSL, 1968. V. 73. (In French)

2. Duhoux Y. Le verb grecque. Leuven, 2000. (In French)

3. Sturtevant E. The Greek k-Perfect and Indo-European -ko-. Language, 1940. V. 16.

4. Cowgill W. Evidences of Greek. Winter W. (ed.) Evidences of laryngeals. Hague, 1965 (Re-printed in: Cowgill W. Collected works of Warren Cowgill. Ann Arbor, 2006).

5. Pedersen H. Tocharisch vom Geschichstpunkt der indoeuropäischen Sprachvergleichung. Copenhagen, 1941. (In German)

6. Van Windekens A. Le Tokharien confronté avec les autres langues indo-européennes. Lou-vain, 1976. (In French)

7. Beekes R.S.P. The development of Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Greek. Hague: Mou-ton, 1969.

8. Erhart A. Das indoeuropäische Verbalsystem. Brno, 1989. (In German)

9. Nikolaeva T.M. Neparadigmaticheskaya lingvistika. M., 2008. [Nikolaeva, T.M. Nepar-adigmaticheskaya lingvistika [Non-Paradigmatic Linguistics]. Moscow, 2008. (In Russ.)]

10. Kretschmer P. Die objective Konjugation im Indogermanischen. Wien, 1949. (In German)

11. Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben. Hgg. H. Rix. Wiesbaden, 1998. (In German)

12. Specht F. Zur Geschichte der Verbalklasse auf ē. KZ, 1935. Bd. 62. (In German)

13. Stepanova Z.P. Areal rasprostraneniya glagolov na -ē- v indoevropejskikh yazykakh // Voprosy yazykoznaniya. 1965. № 4. [Stepanova, Z.P. Areal rasprostraneniya glagolov na -ē- v indoevropejskih yazykah [The Area of Distribution of Verbs on -ē- in Indo-European Languages]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya [Topics in the Study of Language]. 1965, No. 4. (In Russ.)]

14. Trubachyov O.N. “Molchat'ˮ i “tayat'ˮ: O neobkhodimosti semasiologicheskogo slovarya novogo tipa // Problemy indoevropejskogo yazykoznaniya. M., 1964. [Trubachyov, O.N. “Molchat'ˮ i “tayat'ˮ: O neobhodimosti semasiologicheskogo slovarya novogo tipa [“Molchat'ˮ i “Tayat'ˮ ʻBe Silent and Melt̓: On the Need for a Semasiological Dictionary of a New Type]. Problemy indoevropejskogo yazykoznaniya [Problems of Indo-European Linguistics]. Moscow, 1964. (In Russ.)]

15. Jasanoff J. The Germanic 3d weak class. Language, 1973. V. 49.

16. Rasmussen J.E. The Slavic i-verbs with an excursus on the Indo-European ē-verbs. Com-parative-Historical Linguistics: Indo-European and Finno-Ugric: Papers in honour Oswald Sze-merényi. Ed. B. Brogyani, R. Lipp. Amsterdam; Philadelphia, 1993.

17. Fortunatov F.F. Kriticheskij razbor sochineniya G.K. Ul'yanova “Znachenie gla-gol'nykh osnov v litovskom i slavyanskom, T. 1 – 1891 g., t. 2 – 1895 g.ˮ // Izvestiya Impe-ratorskoj Akademii nauk. 1897. [Fortunatov, F.F. Kriticheskij razbor sochineniya G.K. Ulya-nova “Znachenie glagolnyh osnov v litovskom i slavyanskom, T. 1 – 1891 g., t. 2 – 1895 g.ˮ [Critical Analysis of G.K. Ulyanov̓s Essay “The Meaning of Verbal Bases in Lithuanian and Slavic, Vol. 1 – 1891, Vol. 2 – 1895.ˮ]. Izvestiya Imperatorskoj Akademii nauk [Bulletin of the Imperial Academy of Sciences]. 1897. (In Russ.)]

18. Vetter E. Handbuch der italischen Dialekten. Heidelberg, 1953. (In German)

19. Lejeune M. Les correspondences italiques de lat. finxit et de lat. Fēcit. Corolla linguistica: Festschrift für Ferdinand Sommer. Wiesbaden, 1955. (In French)

20. Justus C. English ‘have: heave’, an archaic paradigm. Yazyk i kul'tura: Fakty i tsenno-sti. K 70-letiyu Yuriya Sergeevicha Stepanova [Yazyk i kultura: Fakty i cennosti. K 70-letiyu Yuriya Sergeevicha Stepanova [Language and Culture: Facts and Values. Yury S. Stepanov’s 70th jubilee dedicated]. Moscow, 2001. (In Engl.)]

21. Beringuer Sanchez J., Luján Martinez E. Falisco faced y el perfecto de *dheH1-k- ‘hacer’ en las lenguas itálicas. Emerita, 2005. V. 73. (In Spanish)

22. Manchini M. Il preterito laiono tra continuità a discontinuità: facio fēcī fefaced. A. Ancilotti, A. Calderini (eds.) L’umbro e le alter lingue dell’ Italia mediana antica. Perugia, 2009. (In Ital.)

23. Krasuchin K.G. Der Konjunktiv aus historischer und typologischer Sicht. Sprachgeschich-te und Typologie. Hgg. Michail Kotin, Elisaveta Kotorova. Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 2011. (In German)

24. Meillet A. Charactere secondaire du type thématique indo-européen. BSL, 1931, v. 32. (In French)

25. Meiser G. Historische Laut- und Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache. Darmstadt, 1998. (In German)

26. Benveniste E. Les forms sigmatiques du verbe latin. BSL, 1923. V. 28. (In French)

27. Kuiper F.B.J. Zur Geschichte der indoiranischen s-Präsentia. Acta Orientalia, 1934. V. 12. (In German)

28. Rix H. Zur Entstehung der indogermanischen Modi. Innsbruck, 1986. (In German)

29. Insler S. Sanskrit īpsáti and ir̥ṭṣáti. Indogermanische Forschungen, 1968, Bd. 63. (In Ger-man)

30. Simone de C. Falisco faced – latino arcaico vhevhaked: la genuinita della fibula prenestina e problemi connessi. Incontri lingiuistichi, 2006. V. 29. (In Ital.)

31. Kølln H. The opposition of voice in Greek, Baltic, and Slavic. København, 1969.

32. Stepanov Yu.S. Slavyanskij glagol'nyj vid i baltijskaya diateza // IX Mezhduna-rodnyj s'ezd slavistov: Doklady sovetskoj delegatsii. M., 1978. [Stepanov, Yu.S. Slavyanskij glagolnyj vid i baltijskaya diateza [Slavic Verb Aspect and Baltic Diathesis]. IX Mezhdunarodnyj sjezd slavistov: Doklady sovetskoj delegacii [IX International Congress of Slav-ists: Reports of Soviet Delegation]. Moscow, 1978. (In Russ.)]

33. Stepanov Yu.S. Indoevropejskoe predlozhenie. M., 1989. [Stepanov, Yu.S. In-doevropejskoe predlozhenie [The Indo-European Sentence]. Moscow, 1989. (In Russ.)]

34. Krasukhin K.G. The Indo-European aspect-tense system and quantitative ablaut. Internal reconstruction: Selected papers of XVI ICHL. Ed. J.E. Rasmussen, Th. Olander. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 2009.

35. Krasukhin K.G. Balto-slavyanskaya glagol'naya diateza v svete ucheniya G.K. Ul'yanova i F.F. Fortunatova // Vestnik Petrozavodskogo universiteta. 2020. T. 42. № 5. [Krasukhin, K.G. Balto-slavyanskaya glagolnaya diateza v svete ucheniya G.K. Ulyanova i F.F. Fortunatova [The Verbal Diathesis in Baltic and Slavic Languages in the Light of the Doctrine of Grigory K. Ulyanov and Philipp Th. Fortunatov]. Vestnik Petrozavodskogo universiteta [Bulletin of Petroza-vodsk University, Series of Humanities]. 2020, Vol. 42, No. 5. (In Russ.)]

36. Delbrück B. Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen. Leipzig, 1897. Bd. IV. (In German)

37. Lindeman F.O. Bemerkungen zu den Aoristen   Indogermanische For-schungen, 1971. Bd 76. (In German)

38. Krasukhin K.G. Vnutrennyaya rekonstruktsiya, otnositel'naya khronologiya i razvitie obscheindoevropejskogo udareniya (pyat' periodov indoevropejskoj aktsentuatsii) // Srav-nitel'no-istoricheskoe issledovanie yazykov: Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy. M.: MGU, 2004. [Krasuhin, K.G. Vnutrennyaya rekonstrukciya, otnositelnaya hronologiya i razvitie obshchein-doevropejskogo udareniya (pyat' periodov indoevropejskoj akcentuacii) [The Internal Reconstruction, Relative Chronology, and Developmentof Indo-European Stress (Five Periods of Indo-European Accentuation)]. Sravnitelno-istoricheskoe issledovanie yazykov: Sovremennoe sos-toyanie i perspektivy [Historic and Comparative Research of Languages: Contemporaty State of Affairs and Perspectives]. Moscow, MGU Publ., 2004. (In Russ.)]

39. Schindler J. Die Wurzelnomina im Altgriechischen und Altindischen. Wurzburg, 1972. (In German)

40. Frisk H. Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg, 1954–1972. (In German)

41. Chantraine P. Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue grec. Paris, 1968–1980. (In French)

42. Beekes R.S.P. The etymological dictionary of Greek. Leiden, 2007.

43. Wackernagel J. Altindische Grammatik. Leipzig, 1921. (In German)

44. Klingeschmitt G. Die lateinische Nominalflexion. Latein und Indogermanisch. Hgg. N. Kritsch, O. Panagl. Innsbruck, 1982. (In German)

45. Wodtko D., Irslinger B., Schneider K. Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon. Heidelberg, 2008. (In German)

46. Meier-Brügger M. Zur idg. Sekundärwurzel *su̯edh(h1)-/*su̯ēdh(h1)-. Clackson J., Olsen B.A. (eds.) Indo-European Word Formation: Proceecind of the Conference held at the Universi-ty of Copenhagen October 20th–22nd 2000. Copenhagen, 2004. (In German)

47. Benedetti M. I composti radicali latini. Pisa, 1988. (In Ital.)