Approbation of the Russian Version of Transportation Scale (TS)

Occupation: Senior researcher of Laboratory of speech psychology and psycholinguistics
Affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

A. A. Starostina

Occupation: Postgraduate Student of Faculty of Psychology
Affiliation: State Academic University for the Humanities
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Journal name

Psikhologicheskii zhurnal

Edition

Volume 44 Issue 4

Pages

83-93

Abstract

One of the important tasks for Russian film researchers is to find relevant psychological concepts to describe the process of interaction between the viewer and the film, as well as to form appropriate psychometric tools, which are currently absent in Russian psychology. The article presents the results of adaptation and approbation of the Transportation Scale (TS), developed by M. Green and T. Brock for measuring the transportation — a special state of the involvement and immersion in the narrative (story). A total of 1171 Russian-speaking students from 17 to 29 years old (M = 19.8; SD = 1.9; 577 men and 594 women) took part in approbation of the technique. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure, although it also revealed differences with it in the distribution of items. Confirmatory factor analysis did not empirically support the original model, while the new model showed good correspondence with the empirical data. Russian version of the Transportation Scale showed good internal consistency. Convergent validity is confirmed by the presence of significant correlations with the components of “experience in the activity” (positive correlations with pleasure and meaning, negative with void and effort), as well as direct connections with empathy and the need for cognition. For verification of criterion validity, a part of the respondents was re-interviewed using another stimulus material (film). The results present transportation as an unstable state, caused each time by a particular film, and also demonstrate the dependence of transportation on the quality of the narrative. The psychometric assessment showed that the Russian version of the Transportation Scale is a reliable and valid tool that can now be used to study transportation and its effects in a Russian sample, as well as to conduct cross-cultural research in this area.

Keywords

psychology of film, narrative transportation, Transportation Scale, narrative, psychological impact of film, cinema discourse

Acknowledgment

The authors thank Professor Melanie C. Green of the University of Buffalo (USA) for permission to develop the Russian version of the Transportation Scale. The authors are grateful to linguists I.O. Tkachenko, M.S. Trifonov and A.E. Malakhova for participation in the adaptation of the questionnaire, as well as to students and staff of MGSU, RSAU-MTAA and SFedU for assistance in the collection of empirical data.

Received

12.08.2023

Publication date

02.10.2023

Number of characters

28430

Cite

GOST	Kubrak T., Starostina A. Approbation of the Russian Version of Transportation Scale (TS) // Psikhologicheskii zhurnal – 2023. – V. 44. – Issue 4 C. 83-93 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://psy.jes.su/S020595920027087-1-1 (circulation date: 17.05.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S020595920027087-1
MLA	Kubrak, T., Starostina, A. A. "Approbation of the Russian Version of Transportation Scale (TS)." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 44.4 (2023):83-93. DOI: 10.31857/S020595920027087-1
APA	Kubrak T., Starostina A. (2023). Approbation of the Russian Version of Transportation Scale (TS). Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 44(4), pp.83-93 DOI: 10.31857/S020595920027087-1

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 94

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Voskresenskaya N.G. The impact of viewer’s emotional tension on the choice of films. Social Psychology and Society. 2016. V. 7. № 3. P. 121–134. (In Russian)

2. Klein K.G., et al. Experiences in Different Activities: Temporal Dynamics and Construct Validity. Psychological Science and Education. 2019. V. 24. № 5. P. 47–57. (In Russian).

3. Korobova S.Yu., Gryazeva-DobshinskayaV.G., Askerova A.T. Features of Identification with the Characters of the Cult Film in the Context of the Social Identity of the Audience. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Psychology. 2018. V. 11. №. 3. P. 24–31. (In Russian)

4. Kubrak T.A., Grebenshikova T.A., Pavlova N.D. Psychological Profile of a Modern Viewer: The Structure and Correlates of Movie Preferences. Experimental Psychology. 2017. V. 10. № 4. P. 5–19. (In Russian)

5. Kubrak T.A., Latynov V.V. Psihologiya kinodiskursa : faktory vybora, vospriyatie, vozdejstvie. Moscow: Institute of Psychology RAS, 2019. (In Russian)

6. Orestova V.R., Tkachenko D.P. Kinopredpochteniya i predstavleniya o supergeroyah kak otrazhenie potrebnostej sovremennogo molodogo cheloveka v usloviyah tranzitivnosti. Psihologicheskie issledovaniya. 2018. V. 11. № 61. P. 11. URL: http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2018v11n61/1629-orestova61.html (accessed: 04.05.2023). (In Russian)

7. Osin E.N., Leontiev D.A. Diagnostika perezhivanij v professional'noj deyatel'nosti: validizaciya metodiki. Organizacionnaya psihologiya. 2017. V. 7. № 2. P. 30–51. URL: https://orgpsyjournal.hse.ru/2017-7-2/206996642.html (accessed: 04.05.2023). (In Russian)

8. Psihodiagnostika tolerantnosti lichnosti. Eds. G.U. Soldatova, L.A. Shajgerova Moscow: Smysl, 2008. (In Russian)

9. Shchebetenko S.A. Psihometrika russkoj versii shkaly potrebnosti v poznanii. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta: Filosofiya. Psihologiya. Sociologiya. 2011. № 6. P. 88–100. (In Russian)

10. Yanovski M.I. Forms of experience of presence and ways of their reproduction in film montage. Тheoretical and experimental psychology. 2017. V. 10. № 1. P. 72–81. (In Russian)

11. Yanovsky M.I., Antropova V.I. The impact of a horror film on the viewer's self-concept. Institute of psychology Russian Academy of Sciences. Social and economic psychology. 2021. V. 6. № 2(22). P. 147–168. (In Russian)

12. Appel M., Gnambs T., Richter T., Green M.C. The transportation scale–short form (TS–SF. Media Psychology. 2015. V. 18. № 2. P. 243–266.

13. Appel M., Mengelkamp C. Watching Videos on a Smartphone: Do Small Screens Impair Narrative Transportation?. Media Psychology. 2022. V. 25. №5. P. 653–674.

14. Appel M., Schreiner C., Haffmans M.B., Richter T. The mediating role of event-congruent emotions in narrative persuasion. Poetics. 2019. V. 77.

15. Busselle R., Bilandzic H. Measuring narrative engagement. Media Psychology. 2009. V. 12. №4. P. 321–347.

16. Cacioppo J.T., Petty R.E., Kao C.F. The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1984. V. 48. P. 306–307.

17. Cohen J. Defining identification: A theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. Mass Communication & Society. 2001. V. 4. № 3. P. 245–264.

18. Erickson S.E., Dal Cin S., Byl H. An experimental examination of binge watching and narrative engagement. Social Sciences. 2019. V. 8. № 1. P.19.

19. Green M.C., Brock T.C. The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2000. V. 79. P. 701–721.

20. Green M.C., et al. Transportation across media: Print versus film comparisons. Media Psychology. 2008. V. 11. № 4. P. 512–539.

21. Green M. Transportation into narrative worlds. Entertainment-education behind the scenes: Case studies for theory and practice. Eds. L.B. Frank, P. Falzone. Palgrave Macmillan, 2021. P. 87–102.

22. Hall A., Zwarun L. Challenging entertainment: Enjoyment, transportation, and need for cognition in relation to fictional films viewed online. Mass Communication and Society. 2012. V. 15. № 3. P. 384–406.

23. Jarrier E., Bourgeon-Renault D., Derbaix M., Petr C. Narrative transportation scale: Measure development for transmedia experience. 14th International Conference on Arts and Culture Management. 2017, June.

24. Lee K. Presence, Explicated. Communication Theory. 2004. V. 14. P. 27–50.

25. Morris B.S., et al. Stories vs. facts: triggering emotion and action-taking on climate change. Climatic change. 2019. V. 154. № 1. P. 19–36.

26. Owen B., Riggs M. Transportation, need for cognition, and affective disposition as factors in enjoyment of film narratives. Scientific Study of Literature. 2012. V. 2. № 1. P. 128–149.

27. Sestir M.A., Moore M.M., Green M.C. Transportation. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology. Ed. J. Bulck. Hoboken, New Jearsey: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2020.

28. Sherry J. Flow and Media Enjoyment. Communication Theory. 2004. V. 14. P. 328–347.

29. Tal-Or N., Papirman Y. The fundamental attribution error in attributing fictional figures’ characteristics to the actors. Media Psychology. 2007. V. 9. № 2. P. 331–345.

30. Tchernev J.M., Collier J., Wang Z. There and Back Again? Exploring the Real-Time Cognitive Journey of Narrative Transportation. Communication Research. 2023. V. 50. № 3. P. 312–337.

31. Thompson J.M., et al. Individual Differences in Transportation into Narrative Drama. Review of General Psychology. 2018. V. 22. № 2. P. 210–219.

32. Tukachinsky R. Experimental manipulation of psychological involvement with media. Communication Methods and Measures. 2014. V. 8. № 1. P. 1–33.