The End of Japan's isolation. Expeditions of M.K. Perry and E.V. Putyatin in the Context of the Struggle for Colonies in the North Pacific in the Middle of the 19th Century

 
PIIS013128120025263-0-1
DOI10.31857/S013128120025263-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Occupation: Leading Research Scholar; Professor
Affiliation:
Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow State Linguistic University
Address: 32A Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
Occupation: Junior Research Scholar; Assistant
Affiliation:
Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences
Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin
Address: 32A Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 119334, Russian Federation
Journal nameProblemy Dalnego Vostoka
EditionIssue 2
Pages162-175
Abstract

In the 17th century, Japan proclaimed sakoku, a policy of controlled and severely limited external contacts. It lasted a little more than two centuries and became the reaction of the Japanese shogunate to a long bloody era of unrest, which ended only with the coming to power of the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, who united the country. The completion of sakoku is associated with expeditions to Japan by M. Perry and E.V. Putyatin in 1853-1854. This work shows the peculiarities of the international situation that has developed in relation to Japan. The main milestones of navigation are noted. Attention is paid to the role of the Russian-American company in Putyatin's expedition. The article examines the process of conducting long and complex multi-stage negotiations between the United States and Japan and Russia and Japan, which resulted in the conclusion of the Kanagawa and Shimoda treaties, respectively. The article provides evidence of contemporaries of the signing of treaties that can show common and distinctive features, the texts of treaties in Russian, English and Japanese are studied. It is noted that despite the similar situation and repetitive articles, there are significant differences in the texts of the treaties. The treaties became a model for similar agreements between Japan and other countries. The article is written on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach. Particular attention was paid to working with archival sources, including documents from the Russian State Archives of the Navy (RGA VMF), the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region (GAIO), the Archives of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire (AVPRI), the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library (OR RNL) and the electronic archive of the National Diet Library of Japan.

KeywordsJapan, Russian-Japanese relations, Japanese-American relations, Asia-Pacific region, struggle for colonies, sakoku, Shimoda Treaty, Kanagawa Treaty
AcknowledgmentThis article was prepared at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-18-00043, Struggle for colonies in the North Pacific in the 18th—first half of the 19th centuries at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00043/
Received18.03.2022
Publication date06.05.2023
Number of characters35674
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