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The Secret of the Apostolic Grave: The Tomb of Peter between the Middle Ages and Modernity
 
PIIS207987840023179-5-1
DOI10.18254/S207987840023179-5
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Aleksandr Korolev 
Affiliation: Institute of World History RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameISTORIYA
Edition
Abstract

The tomb of St Peter under the Vatican basilica was one of the most famous, although mysterious, shrines of Europe. The actual object of worship was a tiny plot on which memorial structures and altars had been erected in sequence, but this fact became known only after the archaeological excavations of the 1940s. In the Middle Ages, the tomb of Peter was regarded as a forbidden, inviolable shrine. The legends developed that included fictitious information about the structure of the tomb. During the Renaissance, the liturgical and ceremonial space of the Vatican basilica, now the principal temple of the Pope, underwent subtle changes making the shrine even less accessible. With the development of the “papal monarchy”, the basilica became the ‘throne of Peter’, and the apostolic tomb, by now regarded as the foundation of the church, was perceived by some Roman humanists as the heart of the universe. The altar over the tomb became the centre of New St. Peter’s, but while the temple was being built, some members of the papal curia began to doubt the actual existence of the sacred grave. These doubts, dangerous as they were for the ‘papal monarchy’, contributed to the consolidation of its sacrosanct status, along with reverence for the shrine, observance of the ancient tradition and the ideological importance of the tomb.

Keywordscult of saints, papacy, Italian Renaissance, apostle Peter, Vatican
AcknowledgmentThis paper was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 22-18-00481 “Intercultural communications in the Christian Mediterranean in the context of global challenges of the XIV—XV centuries: forms, dynamics, results”.
Received07.08.2022
Publication date15.12.2022
Number of characters77538
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