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Insiders or Strangers? Changing Cross-Border Practices and Attitudes Towards Neighbors in Belgorod and Rostov Regions of Russia after 2014 [Svoi ili chuzhie? Transformatsiia prigranichnykh praktik i otnoshenie k sosediam v Belgorodskoi i Rostovskoi oblastiakh Rossii posle 2014 g.]
 
PIIS086954150013601-1-1
DOI10.31857/S086954150013601-1
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Maria Zotova 
Affiliation: Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Anton Gritsenko
Occupation: Researcher
Affiliation: Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: 29 Staromonetnyi pereulok
Sabine von Löwis
Occupation: Senior Researcher
Affiliation: The Centre for East European and International Studies (ZOiS)
Address: Germany, Berlin
Journal nameEtnograficheskoe obozrenie
Edition№1
Pages124-144
AbstractThe article examines how the armed conflict in the east of Ukraine and the sharp break in official relations between the two States affected the situation in the Russian-Ukrainian borderland and the daily life of local population. In five Russian border towns, on two sections of the border in Rostov (Gukovo, Donetsk and Matveev Kurgan) and Belgorod regions (Grayvoron, Shebekino), a series of in-depth interviews with local residents and municipal authorities was used to study the dynamics of cross-border practices after 2014, as well as the attitude of people towards the border, its regime, neighbors and the neighboring state. The study showed that a radical change in cross-border practices and the transformation of former neighborly relations, increasing the peripherization of small border towns and hindering communication, launched the process of recognizing the borders between Russia and Ukraine and dividing the two spaces in different ways. The transformation of the border on the map into a perceived and experienced border on the ground leads to a double peripherization in an already peripheral borderland. Both of the analyzed border sections develop from a rather integrated borderland into a coexistent borderland, but they do this in different ways.
Keywordsborder, transborder practices, Russian-Ukrainian borderlands, Ukraine, LPR, DPR, everyday life, attitude to neighbors
AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by the following institutions and grants: Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [0148-2019-0008] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 [EXC 2055] Russian Science Foundation, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100006769 [grant no. 19-17-00232]
Received18.02.2021
Publication date25.02.2021
Number of characters49028
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Table of contents

Динамика режима и политических функций российско-украинской границы
Граница как досадное недоразумение или непреодолимое препятствие: белгородский участок российско-украинской границы
Новое соседство – новая жизнь? Ростовский участок российско-украинской границы
1 Включение Крыма в состав России и военные действия на востоке Украины привлекли внимание мирового сообщества к российско-украинским отношениям. Политический кризис существенно изменил ситуацию и на российско-украинской границе, сделав последнюю более осязаемой и поместив жителей приграничья в новую повседневную реальность (Grinchenko, Mikheieva 2018; Fournier 2017). Отношения с соседями стали во многом определяться взаимными стереотипами, сложившимися под влиянием не этнокультурных, а экономических и политических факторов (Babintsev et al. 2016; Сапрыка и др. 2019).
2 Российско-украинское пограничье в ряду других, пожалуй, можно назвать одним из самых изучаемых на постсоветском пространстве (Колосов, Вендина 2011; Besier, Stoklosa 2017). Оно рассматривалось в первую очередь в связи с процессами национально-государственного строительства в России и на Украине, адаптацией населения и хозяйства к появлению новых государственных границ. В фокусе внимания исследователей находились проблемы приграничного сотрудничества (Колосов, Кирюхин 2001; Анисимов и др. 2013), политические и экономические отношения между странами и повседневные потребности людей (Бородина и др. 2009), через призму региональной и этнокультурной самоидентификации населения рассматривалось усиление социокультурной дифференциации пограничья (Крылов, Гриценко 2012; Zhurzhenko 2006; Бубликов 2019; Сапрыка и др. 2019). Исследования социологов показали, что только к началу 2010-х годов население российских и украинских приграничных районов в основном приспособилось к появлению границы между двумя странами и смирилось с ее существованием (Zhurzhenko 2013). Однако рутинизация границы не приводила к росту ее легитимности в глазах значительной части местных жителей (Там же), несмотря на конструирование разных национальных моделей идентичности и образов прошлого (Миллер 2008; Снежкова 2013; Гриценко, Крылов 2013).
3 На протяжении практически всего своего существования российско-украинское пограничье развивалось в составе одного государства. Единое пространство и отсутствие границ в советское время обеспечивали простоту перемещений: люди легко меняли место жительства, переезжали на территорию соседней республики работать или учиться. Трансграничные отношения и социальные представления о соседях складывались в условиях фактического отсутствия значимых барьеров для коммуникации. Повсеместное распространение разнообразных практик взаимодействия, особенности расселения и транспортного сообщения, свободное перемещение граждан способствовали формированию в приграничье тесных экономических, культурных и социальных связей (Попкова 2005) и определили ориентацию населения прилегающих к границе российских территорий на крупные украинские города – Харьков, Сумы, Донецк и Луганск (Колосов, Вендина 2011): люди ездили туда за товарами и услугами, учились там и работали.

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