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Actual problems of buddhist studies in the researches of scientists of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
 
PIIS086919080028703-0-1
DOI10.31857/S086919080028703-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Boris Bazarov 
Occupation: Academician of RAS; director, the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMBTS SBRAS)
Affiliation: Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMBTS SBRAS)
Address: Russian Federation, Ulan-Ude
Tsymzhit Vanchikova
Occupation: Chief Researcher
Affiliation: Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the SB RAS
Address: 6, Sakhyanova str., 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation
Sergey Lepekhov
Occupation: Chief Research Scientist
Affiliation: Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMBTS SB RAS)
Address: Sakhyanovoi Str. No 6 670047 Ulan-Ude Republic of Buryatia Russia
Journal nameVostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost
EditionIssue 6
Pages205-216
Abstract

The article analyzes Buddhist studies conducted by scientists of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The issues of the emergence and formation of the institution itself, its main divisions of the institute and the activities of the leading scientists of the institute related to collecting, cataloging and studying written monuments that are kept in the funds of the unique Center of oriental manuscripts and xylographs are considered. The contribution and results of the researches of philosophers, historians, ethnographers, literary critics and linguists engaged in the study of traditional religious culture, rites and rituals, Buddhist philosophy, as well as the features of the socio-political processes of the development of Buddhism in Russia and the countries of Central and East Asia are examined. 

The legal status of the Buddhist church, monasteries and clergy is considered on the basis of the analysis and translation of a number of archival documents and sources in the Mongolian language, and a brief assessment of the current state, role and influence of the Buddhist church, culture and traditions on society is given. The history of translation activities, in particular, the translation of the Buddhist canon into Mongolian from Tibetan, is highlighted.

Attention is drawn to the methods and means of electronic cataloging of written monuments in the Tibetan and ancient Mongolian languages, archival documents developed at the institute, as well as methods for digitizing multimedia sources of technotronic information.

It is noted that modern Buddhist monasticism, as well as lay Buddhists in Russia, maintain loyalty and trust in relation to the institutions of state power and law at a fairly high level.

The place and role of ethnicity in the historical past and modern social processes are studied, a new view of the key moments of the ethno-political history of the Buryat people in their inextricable connection with the general development of Russian statehood and society is substantiated.

It is concluded that the Buddhist studies conducted by scientists of the IMBT SB RAS are aimed at solving urgent problems in the field of religious relations, cultural and social development, and international relations.

 
KeywordsBuddhist philosophy, religious studies of Buddhism, digitalization of monuments in Tibetan and ancient Mongolian
Keywords list (other)Статья подготовлена в рамках государственных заданий: проект «Россия и Внутренняя Азия: динамика геополитического, социально-экономического и межкультурного взаимодействия (XVII–XXI в.)», № 121031000243–5 и проект «Письменные традиции народов Байкальского региона в контексте историко–культурного наследия России и Внутренней Азии», № 121031000263–3.
Received21.11.2023
Publication date26.12.2023
Number of characters21135
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1 Буддология изначально находилась в центре исследовательских интересов ИМБТ СО РАН, поскольку ученые, выдвинувшие идею института, основанного в 1922 г.: Б.Б. Барадин, Ц.Ж. Жамцарано, Г.Ц. Цыбиков были всемирно известными и признанными специалистами в этой области. Особенностью подхода к буддологическим исследованиям в ИМБТ было совмещение традиционных основ буддийского образования и европейской научной методологии. Этим институт выгодно отличался от всех, даже самых крупных, мировых буддологических центров.
2 Выпускники Санкт-Петербургского университета Ц.Ж. Жамцарано, Г.Ц. Цыбиков, Б.Б. Барадин по инициативе и при активном содействии Русского географического общества и Комитета по изучению Средней Азии совершили ряд путешествий по Тибету и Монголии. Труды, подготовленные по материалам этих исследований, сразу же получили мировую известность. [Барадин, 1908; 1924; Жамцарано, 2001; Цыбиков, 1903; 1919].
3 Последующие поколения бурятских буддологов, тибетологов и монголоведов, получившие профессиональную подготовку также, в основном в стенах Ленинградского (Санкт-Петербургского) университета, сконцентрировали свои усилия на проблемах источниковедения и историографии, изучении культуры Тибета и монгольских народов, вопросах тибетской и монгольской филологии, языкознания, фольклористики, проблемах этнографии и археологии Центральной Азии и Сибири, истории Монголии, Тибета и сопредельных стран, философских проблемах буддизма и др. ИМБТ был первым и единственным научным учреждением, принявшим в свой штат буддийских монахов.
4 На раннем этапе работы института осуществлялась первичная инвентаризация и каталогизация книг на тибетском, старомонгольском, бурятском языках и архивных документов, уцелевших после разрушения дацанов с богатейшими библиотеками литературы на тибетском и старомонгольском, многие из которых, в том числе комплекты разных изданий тибетского канона, печатные и рукописные, были привезены из Центрального, Восточного Тибета и Монголии. Собранные в разных хранилищах Республики и Иркутской области книги и рукописи, к 1960-м гг. сконцентрированные в Рукописном отделе БКНИИ, находились в разрозненном, не систематизированном состоянии. Первичную трудоемкую работу по их классификации, систематизации и комплектации сотрудники Института проделали вместе с бывшими ламами, принятыми на работу в БИОН во второй половине 1960-х гг.
5 Значительный объем работы по описанию тибетского фонда был выполнен Б.Д. Дандароном, Л.-Ж. Ямпиловым, П.И. Хадаловым, опубликовавшими ряд описаний тибетских рукописей и ксилографов [Хадалов, Ямпилов, Дандарон, 1962; Дандарон, 1960; 1965].
6 В короткий срок была проделана большая работа по созданию тибетско-русских словарей и переводу важных текстов буддийского канона. Ученик академика Ф.И. Щербатского – Б.В. Семичов издал в соавторстве с А.Ф. Гаммерман, Ю.М. Парфионовичем и Б.Д. Дандароном несколько тибетско-русских словарей [Семичов, Гаммерман, 1963; Семичов, Парфионович, Дандарон, 1963].

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