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History of Formation and Development of Relations between the South Caucasus States and the EU
 
PIIS086919080019380-5-1
DOI10.31857/S086919080019380-5
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Kanan Dadashov 
Occupation: Postgraduate student
Affiliation: Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)
Address: Moscow, Vernadsky avenue, 76
Kamilla Dadashova
Occupation: Postgraduate student
Affiliation: Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)
Address: Moscow, Vernadsky avenue, 76
Nigyar Masumova
Occupation: associate Professor - Department of world economy, Department of Economics and Finance, Deputy Dean-Faculty of international journalism, Deputy editor-in-chief
Affiliation: Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)
Address: Moscow, Vernadsky avenue, 76
Togrul İsmayil
Occupation: professor, Faculty of Languages and History-Geography
Affiliation: Ankara University
Address: Turkey
Journal nameVostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost
EditionIssue 2
Pages51-62
Abstract

 

 

The article examines the history of the formation and development of relations between the states of the South Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan) with the European Union. Methods: system analysis, forecasting, comparison. In the course of the research, special attention is paid to the conditions and determinants of the formation of the European vector of development of the countries of the South Caucasus region at the turn of the 20–21 centuries. The results obtained in the course of the study led to the conclusion that in the 1990s, the European Union largely viewed the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia) through the prism of Moscow, taking into account the fact of Russia's presence in the region and its active actions. The situation changed in the 2000s, when the EU’s interests and its interaction with the region intensified, as well as after the armed conflict in Georgia, when Europe became concerned about the need to respect and strengthen security in the region. Subsequently, the security policy was supplemented with new dimensions in cooperation, namely: political, economic, humanitarian. It should be noted that today the states of the South Caucasus region are much more fragmented than ever, and the only integration projects that have taken place are related to external actors. Therefore, in order to intensify cooperation with the EU and achieve real tangible results, the South Caucasus republics should balance their foreign policy, clearly define development priorities, overcome socio-political confrontation within the country, and achieve a peaceful settlement of “frozen” conflicts.

Keywords Partnership, European Union, Agreement, Security, South Caucasus, Economy, Politics, Membership
Received15.04.2022
Publication date11.05.2022
Number of characters26483
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Table of contents

ВВЕДЕНИЕ
СТЕПЕНЬ РАЗРАБОТАННОСТИ ПРОБЛЕМЫ
МЕТОДЫ И МАТЕРИАЛЫ
Исторические этапы развития сотрудничества стран Южного Кавказа и Европы
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ
Индивидуальные интересы стран Южного Кавказа в Европе
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
1

ВВЕДЕНИЕ
2 Южный Кавказ – это чрезвычайно сложный во многих отношениях регион, один из наиболее уязвимых и фрагментированных в мире, где накладываются друг на друга внутренние и внешние угрозы национальной безопасности. Три государства Южного Кавказа – Грузия, Армения и Азербайджан – крайне сложны по своей внутренней конфигурации. Спустя практически тридцать лет после распада СССР регион по-прежнему страдает от конфликтов, а его население перманентно находится в небезопасной обстановке. При этом следует отметить, что Армения, Азербайджан и Грузия стали членами и участниками широкого спектра различных, иногда противоположных по своему курсу организаций и союзов, однако им так и не удалось достигнуть полноценной политической и экономической интеграции в современном международном пространстве. Достаточно характерно и ярко историю становления и развития стран Южного Кавказа охарактеризовал западный историк Дж. Форсайт: «Южный Кавказ – это в определенной степени непопулярный регион. Его история в целом представляется сумбурной и сложной и по большому счету трагической, в запутанных хитросплетениях которой с некоторой уверенностью разбирается очень узкий круг специалистов-историков. Регион является, по сути, конгломератом проблемных этносов» [Forsyth, 2013, p. 341]. Справедливости ради стоит упомянут тезис Малышева о том, что Южный Кавказ (ЮК), который включает в себя территории трех суверенных государств – Азербайджанской Республики (АР), Республики Армения (РА) и Грузии, – в настоящее время испытывает на себе давление различных террористических структур. Особенно подвержены этому Азербайджан и Грузия, но некоторые проявления данного процесса можно наблюдать и в Армении [Malyshev, 2017, p. 178].
3 Сегодня Южный Кавказ стал местом противостояния трех могущественных сил мира – США, России и Европейского Союза. Летом 2004 г. Вашингтон объявил эту территорию зоной своих стратегических интересов. Вместе с тем Южный Кавказ является традиционной сферой влияния Российской Федерации, которая имеет с ним непосредственные границы. ЕС, в отличие от США и Российской федерации, выстраивает свою политику на Кавказе, уделяя внимание в большей степени социально-экономической сфере, а не военно-политической составляющей. Кроме того, один из ключевых приоритетов сотрудничества Европейского Союза с республиками Закавказья заключается в достижении стабильности в регионе, поддержке и соблюдении «европейских стандартов», касающихся обеспечения демократических свобод и гарантирования прав человека [Tulmets, 2018, p. 462].
4 В свою очередь Азербайджан, Армения и Грузия, несмотря на разные геостратегические траектории своего позиционирования, активно артикулируют выбор европейского вектора развития, что в большинстве своем связано с опытом и традициями дипломатии этих стран, а помимо этого – и духовной близостью с европейской цивилизацией [Варданян, 2010, с. 87].

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