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About cylinder ceramic objects from central Ciscaucasia of the first half of the 1st mill. AD
 
PIIS086960630004116-6-1
DOI10.31857/S086960630004116-6
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Ya. Berezin 
Affiliation: Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology at Moscow State University
Address: Moscow, Russia
Journal nameRossiiskaia arkheologiia
EditionIssue 1
Pages50-59
Abstract

The article is devoted to one type of ceramic objects – the so-called incense burners, typical of the Early Alan culture in the Central Ciscaucasia of the 2nd – 4th centuries AD. In the archaeological literature of the 20th century there was formed a version about their functioning as ritual vessels in ancient times. Over the past decades, experts have been leaning towards the idea that these vessels could be connected to certain technological purposes, most likely related to the production of ceramics. The author, based on archival materials from the funds of the Pyatigorsk Museum of Local Lore, shows that the version about the cult purpose of this type of ceramics arose from the initially incomplete and indirect data, subsequently misinterpreted, and presents a modern archaeological myth.

Keywordsthe Central Ciscaucasia, the Early Alan culture, cylinder ceramic object, incense burner, archaeological myth
Publication date28.03.2019
Number of characters20190
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1 Масштабные исследования памятников начала I тыс. н.э. в Центральном Предкавказье, проводившиеся в последнем десятилетии XX и начале XXI вв., привели к выделению в данном регионе масштабного историко-культурного явления, получившего название “раннеаланской” или “предаланской” культуры (Абрамова, 1989. С. 280). Окончательное название этого исторического феномена еще не устоялось; так, В.Ю. Малашев предлагает считать ее ранним этапом северокавказской средневековой аланской культуры (Габуев, Малашев, 2009. С. 156). Подробное описание истории выделения культуры и современного состояния ее изучения сделано В.Ю. Малашевым (Малашев, 2007. С. 487–501; Габуев, Малашев, 2009. С. 144–162; Малашев, 2014, С. 72–83).
2 Керамический комплекс “раннеаланской” культуры был впервые описан И.А. Аржанцевой и Д.В. Деопиком на материалах Зилгинского городища (Деопик, 1988; Аржанцева, Деопик, 1989. С. 81–91). Его составной частью являются стакановидные керамические сосуды, традиционно носящие название “курильницы” (Аржанцева, Деопик, 1989. С. 91). Эта разновидность керамики попала в поле зрения археологов еще в 1930-х годах (Egorov, 1930. P. 49–51) и с тех пор по традиции считалась культовой (Арсеньева, 1965. С. 187; Табл. V, I; Байбик, Виноградов и др., 1969. С. 86–92; Кузнецов, 1984. С. 180; Дорофеев, Фоменко, 2000; Фоменко, 2016). В одной из последних работ маститого кавказоведа В.А. Кузнецова утверждается, что “курильницы” “являются атрибутом развитого культа огня и надежным маркером именно аланской керамики” (Кузнецов, 2014, С. 65). Высказывалась версия и об утилитарном использовании данного предмета в качестве подставок-“разделителей” в процессе производства керамической посуды (Arzhantseva et al., 2000. P. 235–237; Гончарова и др., 2016. С. 76, 77; Гугуев и др., 2017. С. 53).
3 В период работы в ГУП "Наследие" (Ставрополь) мне неоднократно доводилось участвовать и руководить раскопками “раннеаланских” поселений на территории Пятигорья (поселение и укрепление Энергетик, поселение Константиновское 1) и прилегающей части предкавказской равнины (городище Новопавловское-1). К сожалению, материалы этих раскопок опубликованы в незначительной степени (Березин, Швырёва, 2007; Березин, Колесниченко, 2013). Находки “курильниц” во время этих работ были многочисленны, как в культурном слое, так и в хозяйственных ямах. Несмотря на значительную площадь раскопок, ничего похожего на культовые места, связанные с использованием “курильниц”, обнаружено не было. Более того, создавалось впечатление, что это обычный бытовой предмет, выбрасываемый по мере прихода его в негодность вместе с остальным мусором. Эти соображения и побудили меня заняться историей возникновения версии о связи рассматриваемых артефактов с культом огня.
4 Прежде чем перейти к истории вопроса, рассмотрим сам предмет исследования. Это керамический предмет (я бы поостерегся именовать его сосудом), имеющий довольно стандартный набор признаков (рис.1):

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