The Great Powers in the Middle East (1945-1956): The Range of Interaction

 
PIIS013038640010326-6-1
DOI10.31857/S013038640010326-6
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Affiliation: North Ossetian State Medical Academy of the Russian Ministry of Health
Address: Russian Federation, Vladikavkaz
Journal nameNovaia i noveishaia istoriia
EditionIssue 4
Pages83-97
Abstract

The attractiveness of the Middle East has traditionally been based on its geopolitical configuration and economic potential. The gradual loss of power and influence by the British Empire with the end of World War II allowed the United States to replace it in the regional expanses of the Middle East. The traditional self-isolation of the United States, the calculation of the balance of power in the «Old World», and pretentious participation in complex systems of alliances gave way to a new direction of the American foreign policy strategy, which was reinforced by an increase in industrial production, expansion of the sphere of trade and the influx of finance. Washington's hegemonic aspirations extended far beyond the Western Hemisphere. The identification of the miscalculations and mistakes made by the British ruling circles made it possible for the United States to find allies in the region and political stability in the future. As to the issue of decolonization, the formal end of British rule did not mean an unambiguous British "withdrawal" from previously controlled territories, which was more widespread in the Middle East. This trend has become more common in the Middle East. The growing dependence of the British economy on oil gave the region fundamental importance. The analysis of archival materials and research literature allows us to conclude that, despite the activation of the superpowers after 1945 and the manifestations of powerful outbursts of anti-British nationalism, London, while recognizing the financial and strategic superiority of the United States, sought to adapt American resources to maintain its interests and retain management functions. The research of political history of the Middle East of the postwar period allows to reveal and explain the regularity of many modern processes happening at the Middle Eastern regional level.

KeywordsMiddle East, British diplomacy, Arab countries, the Cold War, US foreign policy, League of Arab States
Received27.04.2020
Publication date06.08.2020
Number of characters44792
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