Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect

In this article, the author examines the causes, course and results of the Ottoman military campaigns in the Peloponnese in the second quarter of the 15th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the raids of the Ottoman commander Turahan Bey in 1423, 1431 and 1435 were rather local acts of aggression aimed at intimidating the Morean despots and were intended to prevent the expansion of Byzantine influence in Greece and in the north of the Peloponnese. At the same time, the Ottoman campaign against the Peloponnese in 1446 had the character of a punitive expedition. Sultan Murad II personally led the invasion of the Morea, which speaks of the desire of the Ottomans to eliminate the center of resistance in this region once and for all. The shameful vassalage, which the Despotate of Morea fell into after the sack of the Peloponnese by the Ottomans, actually put an end to the attempts of the despot Constantine Palaiologos to create a strong, independent and self-sufficient state in the place of the Morea.

Keywords

Late Byzantium, Ottoman Empire, Peloponnese, Morea, Despotate of Morea

Acknowledgment

The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation within the framework of the scientific project № 22-18-00481 “Intercultural Communications in the Christian Mediterranean in the Context of Global Challenges of the 14—15th Centuries: Forms, Dynamics, Results”.

Received

30.06.2022

Publication date

31.01.2023

Number of characters

30648

Cite

GOST	Zhigalova N. Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect // ISTORIYA – 2023. – V. 14. – Issue 1 (123) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840024212-2-1 (circulation date: 03.07.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840024212-2
MLA	Zhigalova, Natalia "Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect." ISTORIYA 14.1 (123) (2023) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840024212-2
APA	Zhigalova N. (2023). Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect. ISTORIYA 14(1 (123)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840024212-2

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 94

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Belorussova T. E. Na sluzhbe despotam Morei: uchastie albanskogo naseleniya v politicheskikh sobytiyakh na Peloponnese v pervoj polovine XV v. // Antichnaya drevnost' i srednie veka. 2022. T. 50. S. 357–370. DOI: 10.15826/adsv.2022.50.021

2. Zhigalova N. Battles for Achaea: the Military and Political Situation in the Peloponnese in the 1420s // ISTORIYA. 2020. Vol. 11. Issue 4 (90). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840009229-0-1/ DOI: 10.18254/S207987840009229-0

3. Zhigalova N. Byzantine Emperors and Successors of Bayezid I: the Trajectory of Relations // ISTORIYA. 2018. Vol. 9. Issue 10 (74). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840002380-7-1/ DOI: 10.18254/S0002380-7-1

4. Kusch T. V. Nesostoyavshijsya osmanskij pokhod na Konstantinopol' v 1438 g. // Izvestiya Ural'skogo federal'nogo universiteta. Ser. 2: Gumanitarnye nauki. 2018. T. 20. № 4 (181). S. 146—148. DOI: 10.15826/izv2.2018.20.4.072

5. Kusch T. V. Turetskaya osada i shturm Konstantinopolya 1422 goda: voenno-politicheskij aspekt // Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 4: Istoriya. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 2017. T. 22. № 5. S. 261—270. DOI: 10.15688/jvolsu4.2017.5.24

6. Medvedev I. P. Mistra. Ocherki istorii i kul'tury pozdnevizantijskogo goroda. L., 1973.

7. Ryazanov P. A. Geksamilion i problema zaschity Peloponnesa ot turok v vizantijskoj politike kontsa XIV — pervoj poloviny XV veka // Srednie veka. 2022. T. 83. № 1. S. 137—163.

8. Andrews K. Castles of Morea. Amsterdam, 1978.

9. Aşik-Paşa-Sohn. Denkwürdigkeiten und Zeitläufte des Hauses Osman / übers., eingel. u. erklärt von R. F. Kreutel. Graz; Wien; Köln, 1959. S. 17—266.

10. Barker J. W. On the Chronology of the Activities of Manuel II Palaeologus in the Peloponnesus in 1415 // Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 1962. Bd. 55 (1). P. 39—55.

11. Cyriac of Ancona. Later Travels / ed. and transl. by E. W. Bodnar with C. Foss. Cambridge; L., 2003.

12. Dennis G. T. The Second Turkish Capture of Thessalonica // Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 1964. Bd. 57. Hf. 1. S. 53—61.

13. Dölger F. Regesten der Kaiserurkunden des oströmischen Reiches. München; B., 1965. T. 5.

14. Ducae Historia Turcobyzantina (1341—1462) / ex rec. B. Grecu. Bucharest, 1958.

15. Elam N. Byzantine Eye-Witnesses of Anatolian Power-Breakers during the Years of 1421—1423 // International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 2015. Vol. 4. № 3. P. 30—49.

16. Georgii Sphrantzae Chronicon / a cura di R. Maisano. Roma, 1990. (Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Vol. 29).

17. Imber C. Crusade of Varna, 1443—1445. Manchester, 2006.

18. Kiliç Ş. Byzantine-Ottoman Relations in Early 1420’s // Uludağ University Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences. 2013. Vol. 14. № 25. P. 245—266.

19. Laonikos Chalkokondyles. The Histories / transl. by A. Kaldellis. Cambridge; L., 2014. Vol. 1-2.

20. The Letters of Manuel II Palaeologus / ed., transl. by G. T. Dennis. Washington, 1977.

21. Manuel II Palaeologus. Funeral Oration on His Brother Theodore / ed. and transl. J. Chrysostomides. Thessalonike, 1985.

22. Philippides M. Constantine XI Dragaš Palaeologus (1404—1453): The Last Emperor of Byzantium. L., 2018.

23. Régestes des délibérations du Sénat de Venise concernant la Romanie. T. 2: 1400—1430 / par F. Thiriet. P., 1959.

24. Runciman S. Mistra. Byzantine Sapital of the Peloponnese. L., 1980.

25. Topping P. The Morea 1364—1460 // A History of the Crusades. Vol. III. A Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries / ed. by H. W. Hazard. Madison, 1975. P. 141—166.

26. Vryonis S. The Ottoman Conquest of Thessaloniki in 1430 // Continuity and Change in Late Byzantine and Early Ottoman Society. Birmingham, 1986. R. 281—321.

27. Zakythinos D. A. Le Despotat grec de Morée. T. I. Histoire politique. Athènes, 1932.

28. Zakythinos D. A. Le Despotat grec de Morée. T. II. Vie et Institutions. Athènes, 1953.

29. Zečević N. The Tocco of the Greek Realm. Nobility, Power and Migration in Latin Greece (14—15th Senturies). Beograd, 2014.