Inter Arma Silent Musae: the Role of Public Diplomacy in Relations between Russia and Spain

The article deals with the role of public diplomacy in Russian-Spanish relations; puts forward a hypothesis, that public diplomacy plays an independent role, sometimes even replacing traditional diplomacy, in the “political vacuum”, when political ties between the two countries were frozen or even broken off. The author points out that some examples of public diplomacy can be traced in Russian-Spanish relations in the 18—19th centuries, but they transferred into state policy only in the 20th century. It was at that time that the Soviet government started to maintain a purposeful public policy aimed at “creating a positive image of the country” through the development of cultural and scientific contacts. This is demonstrated in the article on a number of examples: The October Revolution, which divided the world into two opposing blocs, in which there was no place for political relations; the period of Francoism, when both states publicly declared their irreconcilable ideological confrontation, but in fact were pragmatically building economic relations and strengthened scientific and cultural contacts. In those years, the personal support of prominent scientists and public figures played a huge role in building official diplomatic relations after the death of Franco. The author pays special attention to the role of the diplomacy of science and education, the importance of which. increased noticeably in the 21st century. From this point of view, the evolution of relations between Russia and Spain in the first quarter of this century is considered, especially during the period of cooling of relations as a result of the Ukrainian crisis.

Keywords

Russia, Spain, diplomatic relations, public diplomacy, science and education diplomacy

Acknowledgment

Support from the Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs at HSE University is gratefully acknowledged.

Received

09.07.2022

Publication date

30.11.2022

Number of characters

54252

Cite

GOST	Volosyuk O. Inter Arma Silent Musae: the Role of Public Diplomacy in Relations between Russia and Spain // ISTORIYA – 2022. – V. 13. – Issue 10 (120) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840023487-4-1 (circulation date: 22.07.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840023487-4
MLA	Volosyuk, Olga "Inter Arma Silent Musae: the Role of Public Diplomacy in Relations between Russia and Spain." ISTORIYA 13.10 (120) (2022) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840023487-4
APA	Volosyuk O. (2022). Inter Arma Silent Musae: the Role of Public Diplomacy in Relations between Russia and Spain. ISTORIYA 13(10 (120)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840023487-4

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 108

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Bagno V. E. «Russkij balet Dyagileva» v Ispanii // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

2. Védyushkin V. When in Russia have Known about the Death of the King Philip IV of Spain? One Case in the History of Russian-Spanish Relations // ISTORIYA. 2016. Vol. 7. Is. 8 (52). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840001614-4-1/

3. Védyushkin V. Russian Embassy in Spain, 1667—1668: the Address of Piotr Potiomkin’s House in Madrid // ISTORIYA. 2017. Vol. 8. Is. 10 (64). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840002015-5-1/ DOI: 10.18254/S0002015-5-1

4. Vin'yas A. Neft' i politika: trudnyj put' otnoshenij mezhdu Ispaniej i SSSR // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

5. Volosyuk O. V. Nauchnaya diplomatiya v sovetsko-ispanskom dialoge // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018. S. 383—389.

6. Volosyuk O. V. Nauchnye svyazi rossijskikh i ispanskikh istorikov: 30 let sotrudnichestva (1981—2011) // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Vseobschaya istoriya. 2012. № 1. S. 87—113.

7. Volosyuk O. V. Torgovye otnosheniya mezhdu Rossiej i Ispaniej v nachale XIX v. // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Istoriya Rossii. 2017. T. 16. № 3. S. 445—461.

8. Volosyuk O. V. Nauchnaya diplomatiya v XXI v.: sotrudnichestvo Ispanii i Rossii v oblasti estestvennykh i tekhnicheskikh nauk // Ispaniya i Rossiya pered vyzovami vremeni / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2022.

9. Zonova T. Publichnaya diplomatiya i ee aktory RSMD. 7 avgusta 2012 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/publichnaya-diplomatiya-i-ee-aktory/

10. Zonova T. V., Dzhannotti A. Rossiya i Zapad: protivorechivyj dialog // Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta. 2020. T. 13. № 1. S. 23—38 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/1270/1014

11. Korkonosenko K. S. Ispanskaya literatura v Rossii XVIII veka; Ispanskaya literatura v russkikh perevodakh XIX v. // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

12. Krasnova G. A., Rajnkhardt R. O., Shakirov O. I., Solov'ev D. B. Novye gorizonty nauchnoj diplomatii v Rossii: Doklad № 63/2020 / Rossijskij sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam (RSMD). M.: NP RSMD, 2020 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/papers/Science-Diplomacy-Report63.pdf

13. Kuleshova V. V. Ispaniya i SSSR. Kul'turnye svyazi. 1917—1939. M.: Nauka, 1975.

14. Morozova A. V. «Mir iskusstva» i mir ispanskogo iskusstva // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

15. Mishukova T. Yu. Kul'turnye svyazi SSSR i Ispanii: pervye shagi // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

16. Navarro Navarro Kh. SSSR v respublikanskoj Ispanii: obraz i «mif» modernizatsii // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

17. Obolenskaya Yu. L. Ispanistika v MGU: Venedikt Stepanovich Vinogradov. // V kn.: Ispaniya i Rossiya pered vyzovami vremeni / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2022. S. 370—371.

18. Obolenskaya Yu. L. Otechestvennaya ispanistika v kontekste sozdaniya akademicheskikh shkol // Ispaniya i Rossiya pered vyzovami vremeni / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2022.

19. Podberyozkin A. I., Zhukov A. V. Publichnaya diplomatiya v silovom protivostoyanii tsivilizatsij // Vestnik MGIMO-Universiteta. 2015. № 6(45). S. 106—116 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/453/453

20. Rajnkhardt R. Nauchnye diplomaty: kot Leopol'd i kot Matroskin. Rossijskij sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam (RSMD). 16 avgusta 2022 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/nauchnye-diplomaty-kot-leopold-i-kot-matroskin/?sphrase_id=93118920

21. Rossiya i Ispaniya. Dokumenty i materialy 1667—1917. T. 1: 1667—1799. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1991.

22. Sagomonyan A. A. SSSR i frankistskoe gosudarstvo: ot vrazhdebnosti k sblizheniyu // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

23. Sanches Puig M. Sovremennaya ispanskaya rusistika: istoricheskij obzor. // V kn.: Ispaniya i Rossiya pered vyzovami vremeni / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2022.

24. Filatov G. A. Zabyt' o politike: pervye sovetskie turisty v Ispanii // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

25. Filatov G. A. Futbol vmesto politiki // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

26. Ehkhea Fernandes M. A. Priem russkogo posol'stva 1667—1668 gg. pri dvore Karla II (po materialam ispanskikh arkhivov) // Rus', Rossiya: Srednevekov'e i Novoe vremya. Vyp. 4. M.: MGU, 2015.

27. Yurchik E. Eh. «Russkoe otkrytie» Ispanii v XIX veke. Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij / otv. red.: O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

28. Yurchik E. Eh. Nauchnaya diplomatiya: vstrechi uchenykh // Ispaniya i Rossiya: diplomatiya i dialog kul'tur. Tri stoletiya otnoshenij. España y Rusia: diplomacia y diálogo de culturas. Tres siglos de relaciones / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Indrik, 2018.

29. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955—1957, Western Europe and Canada. Vol. XXVII / ed. John P. Glennon. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1992.

30. Garrido Caballero M. Las relaciones entre España y la Unión Soviética a través de las Asociaciones de Amistad en el siglo XX. Tésis doctoral. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, 2006.

31. Kagané L. Los retratos de Carlos III y de los príncipes de Asturias de Mariano Salvador Maella del Palacio Chesmensky // Archivo de Arte Valenciano, LXXXVIII. Valencia: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos, 2007. P. 37—44.

32. Kowalsky D. La Unión Soviética y la guerra civil española. Barcelona: Crítica, 2003.

33. La enseñanza de Ciencias e Ingeniería en la Unión Soviética // Revista de Educación. 1958—1959. Vol. XXXII. No. 91.

34. Llaneza Villanueva J. A. La colaboración universitaria hispano-rusa en la segunda década del siglo XX // Ispaniya i Rossiya pered vyzovami vremeni / otv. red. O. V. Volosyuk. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2022.

35. López de Meneses A. Las primeras embajadas rusas en España (1523, 1525 y 1527). Bulletin hispanique. Vol. 48. 1946. P. 210—226.

36. Mejia Godoy C. Ovchinnikov: “La alternativa energética rusa reside en la potencia nuclear” // El País. 17.09.1980.

37. Olšáková D., Robinson S. Global conflict and the rise of ‘post naïve’ science diplomacy. LSE. May 6th, 2022 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2022/05/06/global-conflict-and-the-rise-of-post-naive-science-diplomacy/

38. Perez de Tudela Velasco M. I. La diplomacia científica hispano-rusa: los profesores Emilio Sáez y Eloy Benito. Rusia y España durante la inestabilidad global. M.: ILA RAN, 2020.

39. Portnoff G. La literatura rusa en España. N. Y.: Instituto de las Españas en los EEUU, 1932.

40. Ternovsky V. Cooperación científica Rusia-España, “a pleno rendimiento”. 16.05.2019 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://mundo.sputniknews.com/radio_que_pasa/201905161087273532-rusia-espana-ciencia-cooperacion-historia/

41. The Madrid Declaration on Science Diplomacy 2019 // S4D4C [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.s4d4c.eu/s4d4c-1st-global-meeting/the-madrid-declaration-on-science-diplomacy/

42. Torres Hernández J. Evolución y perspectivas del español en el sistema escolar ruso. Iberoamerikanskie tetradi № 2. T. IX. 2021.S. 110—124.

43. Viñas A. El reconocimiento de la República española en el contexto internacional: Austria, Alemania y la URSS // La Segunda República y su proyección internacional / ed. Egido León Á. Madrid: Libros de la Catarata, 2017.

44. Volosyuk O. V., Karaúlova M. K. Diplomacia científica en el siglo XXI: colaboración de España y Rusia en humanidades y ciencias sociales, in: Rusia y España durante la inestabilidad global. M.: ILA RAN, 2020. P. 223—241.