The article is a review of the collective monograph “Civilizational challenges in the world historical perspective”. The author addresses four scientific discussions presented in the sections of the book and devoted to the challenges of globalization, modernization, migration and barbarism. It is shown that using a transnational perspective and relying on theoretical innovations in the study and reconstruction of civilizations, the authors of the monograph reveal the mechanisms of generating various civilizational challenges and the results of their contradictory effect on individual local civilizations and the world-historical process as a whole. Considering modern challenges in a multilevel perspective, which allows finding the contours of the linking macro- and micro-historical analysis, in different geographical and temporal environments simultaneously in synchronous and diachronic sections, allows, according to the reviewer, to deepen the understanding of the specificity of individual civilizations, ways of their interaction as well as the current era of globalization.