All
 
|
 
 


Finland’s Neutrality in Soviet Foreign Policy Perceptions
 
Title (other)Нейтралитет Финляндии в советских внешнеполитических представлениях
PIIS207987840016474-0-1
DOI10.18254/S207987840016474-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Alexey Komarov 
Affiliation: Institute of World History RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameISTORIYA
Edition
Abstract

The article examines the evolution of the Soviet leadership’s attitudes regarding Finland’s desire to position itself as a neutral country. Finland’s efforts to promote the idea of its neutrality became especially active after World War II. In this way the representatives of the Finnish political class tried to enhance their profile on the international arena and distance themselves from the military clauses of the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual assistance signed by the USSR and Finland in 1948. Both in Moscow and Helsinki it was understood that neutrality can play the role of an important foreign policy instrument. The Finns tried to use this instrument to weaken Soviet influence on the country, to facilitate rapprochement with other Nordic countries and, ultimately, with the West as a whole. The Soviet leadership regarded these activities negatively. However, within the framework of general deconstruction of the foreign policy priorities’ system created by Mikhail S. Gorbachev’s predecessors, the Soviet side in 1989 finally and unconditionally recognized Finland’s neutrality. After the collapse of the USSR the Soviet-Finnish Treaty of 1948 was substituted by another document, namely the Treaty on the Foundations of Relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Finland signed on January 20, 1992. During the elaboration of the new agreement the Russian side would have had no objection against recognizing Finland as a neutral state, but Helsinki, considering the transition from the bipolar system of international relations to the unipolar one, showed no interest to this.

KeywordsPaasikivi, Kekkonen, Soviet-Finnish relations, Paasikivi – Kekkonen Line, Finland's neutrality
Received07.06.2021
Publication date16.08.2021
Number of characters59211
Cite  
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 296

Readers community rating: votes 0 

1. XX s'ezd Kommunisticheskoj partii Sovetskogo Soyuza. 14—25 fevralya 1956 g. Stenograficheskij otchet. T. 1—2. Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoj literatury. M., 1956. 

2. XXII s'ezd Kommunisticheskoj partii Sovetskogo Soyuza. 17—31 oktyabrya 1961 g. Stenograficheskij otchet. T. 1. Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoj literatury. M., 1962. 

3. Aleksandrov-Agentov A. M. Ot Kollontaj do Gorbacheva. Vospominaniya diplomata, sovetnika A. A. Gromyko, pomoschnika L. I. Brezhneva, Yu. V. Andropova, K. U. Chernenko, M. S. Gorbacheva. M., 1994. 

4. Andreev I. Skandinavskie strany i Atlanticheskij blok // Kommunist. 1954. № 2. S. 100—107.

5. Chumakov G., Verigin S. Soviet-Finnish Relations During the Cold War: a View From Karelia // ISTORIYA. 2019. Vol. 10. Issue 7 (81). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840006471-7-1/  (circulation date: 30.08.2021). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840006471-7
6. Vneocherednoj XXI s'ezd Kommunisticheskoj partii Sovetskogo Soyuza. 27 yanvarya — 5 fevralya 1959 goda.  Stenograficheskij otchet. Tom 1. Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo politicheskoj literatury. M. 1959. 

7. Gorbachev M. S. Zhizn' i reformy. Kn. 2. M., 1995.

8. Deryabin Yu. S. Legko li byt' poslom? Zapiski o zhizni i kar'ere diplomata. M., 2010.

9. Deryabin Yu.S. Finlyandiya: nelegkij put' k nejtralitetu // Severnaya Evropa. Problemy istorii. Vyp. 5 / otv. red. O. V. Chernysheva. M., 2005. S. 62—63.

10. Dogovor mezhdu Rossijskoj Federatsiej i Finlyandskoj Respublikoj ob osnovakh otnoshenij // Diplomaticheskij vestnik № 2—3. 31 yanvarya — 15 fevralya 1992 g. S. 7—9. 

11. Kekkonen U. K. Finlyandiya: put' k miru i dobrososedstvu: stat'i, rechi, pis'ma: 1943—1978 gg. M., 1979.

12. Komarov A. A., Korobochkin M. L. SSSR i shvedskij nejtralitet, 1945 g. — seredina 1950-kh gg. // Rossiya v mire: obrazy i grani vzaimodejstviya / pod obsch. red. A. O. Chubar'yana, sost., otv. red. O. V. Vorob'eva. M., 2019. S. 338—380.

13. Komissarov Yu. «Liniya Paasikivi  — Kekkonena»: istoriya, sovremennost', perspektivy. M., 1985.

14. Korunova E. V. Konferentsii ministrov inostrannykh del stran Severnoj Evropy v 1930-e gg. Poiski garantij bezopasnosti // Severnaya Evropa: problemy istorii. M., 2011. S. 128—146.

15. Korunova E. V. Nejtralitet ili uchastie? Vtoraya mirovaya vojna i ehvolyutsiya vneshnepoliticheskikh kontseptsij skandinavskikh stran. // Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 25: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya i mirovaya politika. 2020. № 3. S. 222—256.

16. KPSS v rezolyutsiyakh i resheniyakh s'ezdov, konferentsij i plenumov TsK. T. 11. 1966—1970. M., 1986.

17. Rentola K. Stalin i sud'ba Finlyandii. M., 2020. 

18. Sovetsko-norvezhskie otnosheniya 1917—1955: sbornik dokumentov / redkol.: A. O. Chubar'yan, U. Riste, A. A. Komarov, I. V. Lebedev, S. G. Khol'tsmark, M. L. Korobochkin, V. V. Roginskij, O. Ehgge. M., 1997. 

19. Sovetsko-finlyandskie otnosheniya, 1948—1983: Dogovor 1948 g. o druzhbe, sotrudnichestve i vzaimnoj pomoschi v dejstvii. Dokumenty i materialy. M., 1983.

20. Suomi Yu. Iz roda lososej. Urkho Kekkonen. Politik i prezident M., 2011. 

21. Tsetterberg S. Finlyandiya posle 1917 goda. Otava, Khel'sinki. 1994.

22. Békés C. The Neutrality of Hungary during the 1956 Revolution // The Soviet Union and Cold War Neutrality and Nonalignment in Europe / ed. by Mark Kramer, Aryo Makko and Peter Ruggenthaler. Lexington Books, 2021. P. 324—343.

23. J. K. Paasikivis dagböcker. 1944—1956. Andra delen. De farliga åren. Söderströms & C:O Förlags AB, 1986. 

24. J. K. Paasikivis dagböcker. 1944—1956. Tredje delen. De sista åren. Askelin & Hägglund Förlag, 1987. 

25. Meinander H. Finlands historia. B. 4. Helsingfors,1999. 

26. Roon, Ger van. Small States in Years of Depression: The Oslo Alliance, 1930—1940. Assen/Maastricht, Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1989.

27. Wahlbäck K. Jättens andedräkt: finlandsfrågan i svensk politik. 1809—2009. Bokförlaget Atlantis, 2011.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up