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Lessons from Alcobaça (Portugal): Ideals and Realities from a 12th-century Cistercian Plan into a 21st-century Town
 
Title (other)Уроки Алькобасы (Португалия): идеал и реальность цистерцианского плана XII в. в городе XXI в.
PIIS207987840012778-4-1
DOI10.18254/S207987840012778-4
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Ana Maria Tavares Martins 
Affiliation:
University of Beira Interior
University of Minho
University of Évora
Address: Portugal, Covilhã; Braga – Guimarães; Évora
Journal nameISTORIYA
Edition
Abstract

The Cistercian monastery can be understood as an ideal city where everything has its place. However, this ideal city is inserted in the territory and interacts with it. The Cistercian Abbey of Santa Maria de Alcobaça (Portugal, 1153), a major Portuguese Cistercian monastery, was set to the image of the motherhouse, the Abbey of Clairvaux and was the last monastic house to be founded in St. Bernard’s lifetime. For the morphologic evolution of Alcobaça’s city, the geographical and physical components constituted by the topography, by the rivers Alcoa and Baça (they gave name to the monastery as well as to the city and are vital elements in the Cistercian foundations) were significant.  There is also a historical component that stresses the importance of Portugal’s first king D. Afonso Henriques in the foundation of the monastery. As time went by, the monastery, a generating pole of the city, was faced in different manners and has had several uses. The monastery becomes an urban organism that generates favourable conditions to a city’s creation as the spaces, which belonged to the monastery, became available after the extinction of the monastic Orders in 1834 and are appropriated by the city. The contemporary city of Alcobaça was built in the connection with the Cistercian Abbey. The Abbey of Alcobaça has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites List since December 1989. At the dawn of the millennium, major urban rehabilitation works were conducted, and the Abbey of Alcobaça was of significant importance. Thus, this paper aims to tackle how a 12th-century ideal plan can be absorbed and translated into a present-day reality.

KeywordsCistercians, monastic architecture, heritage, city expansion, urban rehabilitation, Alcobaça, Portugal
AcknowledgmentThis work had the support of the Project Lab2PT – Landscapes, Heritage and Territory laboratory – AUR/04509 and is also supported by the UID/HIS/00057/2013 – POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007702 project.
Received26.07.2020
Publication date30.11.2020
Number of characters26974
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