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The Revered Wellsprings of the Tyumen Region: Research Platform and Outcomes [Pochitaemye vodnye istochniki Tiumenskoi oblasti: itogi i platforma issledovaniia]
 
PIIS086954150007771-8-1
DOI10.31857/S086954150007771-8
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Elena E. Ermakova 
Affiliation: University of Tyumen
Address: 6 Volodarskogo St., Tyumen, 625003, Russia
Journal nameEtnograficheskoe obozrenie
Edition№6
Pages92-137
Abstract

Taking the case of the Tyumen region of Russia, the article examines the issue of revered wellsprings or sacred water sources as it is studied and interpreted in scholarly literature. The issue is important, for today there may be observed an emergence of new sanctuaries built on water sources, and it is essential to understand the ways in which the symbolic construction of water as valuable and endowed with power occurs. I address the question of typology of sacred water sources and suggest a classification thereof, which adheres to the chronological and territorial principles, taking into account at the same time the degree of their “clericalization”. I further touch upon the problem of method in the study of such objects and pay special attention to the notion of the “sacred” as arguably the key term in research of the kind. There are a variety of approaches to the understanding of the “sacred”, which have been developed in different schools of thinking about religious objects and phenomena, and I attempt to discuss their particular advantages and shortcomings. I am grateful to the colleagues who have supplied thoughtful comments to the article and thus helped bringing to light the import and complexity of this topic.

KeywordsTyumen region, revered wellsprings, sacred water sources, typology, construction of sacredness
AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by the following institutions and grants: Russian Foundation for Basic Research, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261 [grant no. 18-511-00018 Bеl_а] (T. B. Shchepanskaia); Russian Foundation for Basic Research, https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002261 [grant no. 17-01-00423-ОGN] (A.G. Seleznev and I. A. Selezneva).
Received18.12.2019
Publication date19.12.2019
Number of characters115474
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Table of contents

Почитаемые водные источники Тюменской области: общая характеристика и проблемы типологии
Ключ в одном из оврагов исторической части г. Тюмени.
Ивановский колодец в с. Черемшанка Ишимского р-на.
Источник во имя великомученика и целителя Пантелеимона близ с. Боровинка Заводоуковского р-на.
Криванковский колодец близ д. Некрасово Юргинского р-на.
Ключ близ с. Рябово Викуловского р-на.
Колодец на кладбище в с. Прокуткино Ишимского р-на.
Колодец на территории Свято-Троицкого монастыря близ д. Суклём Упоровского р-на.
Ивановский ключ в д. Большие Чирки Голышмановского р-на.
Источник во имя святителя Николая Чудотворца в с. Каменка Тюменского р-на.
В честь иконы Божией Матери “Живоносный источник” в с. Рафайлово Исетского р-на.
Источник преподобного Мисаила Абалакского в Богоявленском скиту Свято-Знаменского Абалакского мужского монастыря в д. Липовка Ярковского р-на.
Типологизация источников.
Классификация по хронологическому принципу.
Классификация по территориальному принципу.
Классификация по степени клерикализации.
Методология исследования
Представления о воде на почитаемых водных источниках Тюменской области: конструирование смыслов и вера в силу
* * *
КОММЕНТАРИИ
1 Одна из характерных черт человеческого бытия – наделение сакральным статусом природных или рукотворных мест и объектов, среди которых в массовой православной культуре выделяются водные источники. В связи с тем что социальные практики на почитаемых источниках имеют религиозный характер, их всеобъемлющее изучение стало возможным лишь с 1990-х годов (за исключением более ранних работ археологов). Территориально исследование почитаемых мест изначально локализовалось в рамках Европейской России, особенно Европейского Севера и Северо-Запада, в зонах хорошей сохранности традиционной культуры и функционирования “деревенских” святынь. Именно на материале этих макрорегионов выполнено самое значительное число научных работ по данной тематике, представляющих точку отсчета и ориентир для изучения почитаемых водных источников, расположенных в других культурных зонах. Лишь в 2000-е годы эта исследовательская волна дошла до территории к востоку от Урала. Тогда же новосибирским историком Е.Ф. Фурсовой было высказано предположение, что “частота встречаемости святых мест в Сибири меньше, чем в Европейской России” (Фурсова 2006: 20). Надо отметить, что данный вывод, по большому счету достоверный, требует регионально-локальной и хронологической корректировки: так, после выхода в свет статьи Е.Ф. Фурсовой мной с 2007 г. обследовано и описано 11 почитаемых водных источников Тюменской области (изучались также некоторые почитаемые источники сибирских татар в Тюменской обл. и старообрядцев в Курганской обл., но здесь они не учтены). С начала 2000-х годов реконструировано или отстроено заново 7 водных святынь. Ранее информация о них в научный оборот введена не была; исключение составляют исторические сведения о колодце в с. Прокуткинском. Наряду со все возрастающим объемом материала в ходе изучения почитаемых водных источников я сталкивалась с целым рядом особенностей данной темы, которые более уместно назвать трудностями, релевантными для исследовательских практик того периода. Во-первых, водные (и др. православные) святыни не изучались системно, что позволило бы составить их типологию, приемлемую для разных историко-культурных зон России. Во-вторых, не были выработаны максимально отвечающие особенностям различных водных святынь вопросник и программа исследования, которые необходимы для начинающих исследователей, а также для того, чтобы корректно сопоставлять святыни из разных регионов. В-третьих, не было написано обобщающих работ по истории этого вопроса. Наконец, слабо проработана методология, а вместе с ней недостаточно отрефлексированы методы и подходы исследования водных источников. Во время написания обобщающего труда по этой тематике на материале Тюменской области я обращалась к каждой из перечисленных особенностей. И если история вопроса наиболее полно освещена мною в недавно вышедшей монографии (Ермакова 2018: 23–51), а вопросник станет темой отдельной статьи, то остальные проблемы получат освещение именно здесь, хотя частично они затронуты во всем корпусе моих публикаций по данной теме.

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