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Tendencies of labor content changes at different stages of historical development
 
PIIS042473880023014-4-1
DOI10.31857/S042473880023014-4
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Igor Rudakov 
Affiliation: Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Elena Ustyuzhanina
Occupation: Head of Economics Department
Affiliation: Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation
Journal nameEkonomika i matematicheskie metody
EditionVolume 58 Issue 4
Pages5-16
Abstract

The article investigates how the main characteristics of labor activity are manifested during different stages of historical development. The authors propose to classify labor activity by four labor relations layering directions: free and bonded labor, prestigious and ordinary types of activity, skilled and unskilled labor, creative and routine labor. The main approaches to history periodization were analyzed and presented on a unified time scale. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, a generalized approach to the history periodization is proposed. For each historical period the manifestation of labor relations layering directions is shown: how they are manifested, how this manifestation changes from period to period, how labor activity is distributed within these characteristics. The visualization of how the labor relations layering directions manifest themselves at different historical stages of the proposed periodization is presented. The conclusion is made that the differentiation of labor has a wave-like character; the identified labor relations layering directions are manifested practically at all periods of history of economic activity, they change in different directions and interrelated with each other; creative and skilled labor relations layering types reflect the process of new technologies introduction; labor differentiation increases during the periods of technological revolutions.

Keywordseconomic activity, labor relations, differentiation of labor, free and forced labor, prestigious and mundane activities, creative and routine labor, skilled and unskilled labor, labor relations layering.
Received27.06.2022
Publication date07.12.2022
Number of characters30374
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