Method of the Modified SWOT-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Technology Changes

 
PIIS042473880004046-9-1
DOI10.31857/S042473880004046-9
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Occupation: Professor
Affiliation: Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI RAS)
Address: Moscow, Russian Federation
Occupation: Head of thr Department
Affiliation: Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI RAS)
Address: Russian Federation
Occupation: Associate Professor
Affiliation: Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI RAS)
Address: Russian Federation
Occupation: Associate Professor
Affiliation: Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Address: Russian Federation
Affiliation: Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI RAS)
Address: Russian Federation
Occupation: Associate Professor
Affiliation: Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Address: Russian Federation
Journal nameEkonomika i matematicheskie metody
EditionVolume 55 Issue 1
Pages43-55
Abstract

Currently, the classical SWOT-analysis is widely used for assessing competitiveness and design a strategy for the development of the management object. The method provides only qualitative assessment of technical and economic efficiency. At the same time only one object (technology, industry, organization, division of the enterprise and other similar objects) is analyzed the effectiveness. The authors propose a new modified nonparametric-statistical method of SWOT-analysis to compare the effectiveness of two control objects. The stages of analysis are described: the choosing of a group of experts, the development of a questionnaire for their survey, the survey, the formation of a modified matrix of SWOT-analysis. The samples of modified SWOT-analysis matrices were developed both separately for each object and for the compared objects in the aggregate. To ensure the reliability of the results, the modified SWOT-analysis method is added with the criterion of nonparametric statistics, which is used to quantify the reliability of shifts — the criterion of signs (G-criterion). An algorithm for applying the criterion to test the hypothesis of the direction of the shift in the performance indicators in the change one object to another is presented. The proposed method was applied for the comparison of technical and economic efficiency of the two processes of chromium plating from solutions based on toxic chromic acid (Cr-6) and from baths based on less environmentally hazardous substances of trivalent chromium (Cr-3). It is shown that now the technology (Cr-6) is more effective technology for the production of chrome coatings then (Cr-3) technology. Perhaps more effective is to carry out modernization of the classical technology (Cr-6).

KeywordsSWOT-analysis, non-parametric statistics, sign criterion, technical economical efficiency, technologies, chemical engineering, electrodeposition, plating, chromium
AcknowledgmentThis investigation was supported Ministry of Science and Education of Russian Federation, 10.4556.2017/6.7
Received14.03.2019
Publication date21.03.2019
Number of characters30652
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1

1. Введение

2 Производственно-технологическая, организационно-управленческая и финансовая деятельность промышленного предприятия представляет собой совокупность бизнес-процессов жизненного цикла выпускаемой конечной продукции с использованием специфических производственных технологий, определяющих виды применяемых ресурсов и степень воздействия на окружающую среду (ОС). Для соответствия уровню научно-технологического прогресса и решения проблем охраны ОС необходимо либо повышать эффективность существующих технологий, либо своевременно заменять их новыми, более передовыми (Кривцов, 2014; Мешалкин, 2010). Принятие соответствующих научно-обоснованных решений требует всестороннего анализа факторов внешней и внутренней среды предприятия. Распространенным методом поиска и принятия организационно-управленческих решений является SWOT-анализ (Котлер, Бергер, Бикхофф, 2012; Богомолова, 2004; Skolozzi, Schirpke, Morri, 2014). Появившийся в настоящее время SWOT-анализ как метод оценки текущего состояния организации — это прежде всего метод разработки эффективной стратегии устойчивого развития предприятия.
3 Так, авторы (Sun, 2012) предлагают использовать SWOT-анализ в качестве научной основы для разработки стратегической ориентации предприятия в условиях усиливающейся рыночной конкуренции. Концепция развития экоиндустриальных парков рассмотрена в (Patnaik, Poyyamoli, 2015); выявлен их потенциал и ограничения на основе SWOT-анализа. Интересной представляется работа румынских ученых (Lupu, Dumencu, Atanasiu, 2016), в которой сформулированы выводы о перспективах солнечной энергетики в Румынии. Проблемы безопасности рабочих мест и выявления потенциальных рисков на производстве обсуждаются в статье (Bhattacharjee, Neogi, Das, 2014).
4 Метод SWOT-анализа используют для определения направления развития науки (Клеева, 2012), анализа эффективности химико-технологических процессов, включая процессы организационно-технического обслуживания оборудования на предприятиях (Новиков, Гришин, 2012), решения задач управления персоналом (Акмалов, 2013), оценки воздействия на ОС.
5 Классический SWOT-анализ дает лишь качественные оценки технико-экономической эффективности производственно-технологических и бизнес-процессов на предприятиях, но не всегда позволяет принять наилучшие, научно-обоснованные, организационно-управленческие решения. Вместе с тем простота применения SWOT-анализа и возможность относительно быстро получать результаты требуют совершенствовать метод SWOT-анализа (Юрлов, Плеханов, Бобкова, 2013). И это подтверждается рядом публикаций о модификации метода. Так, в (Андриянова, 2012) при разработке традиционной матричной модели SWOT-анализа предлагается использовать ранжирование параметров по совокупности показателей с учетом неопределенности внешней среды. Предложена методика многокритериального выбора эффективных стратегий развития предприятия атомной отрасли с применением SWOT-анализа (Брыкалов, Юрлов, 2016). Для более точного анализа стратегий развития предприятия предлагается применять взвешенные балльные оценки (Кадышева, 2012).

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