Characterization of microsporogenesis in the tetraploid form which initial for apple tree selection

 
PIIS250020820001233-6-1
DOI10.30850/vrsn/2018/4/25
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Affiliation:
Address: Russian Federation
Journal nameVestnik of The Russian agricultural science
Edition№4-2018
Pages25-26
Abstract

One of the priority directions in apple breeding at VNIISPK is breeding with polyploidy using for the development of triploid apple cultivars with high commercially valuable traits. Tetraploid forms are an intermediate in the creation of apple varieties with a triple set of chromosomes, so the study of the state of the generative sphere is important in assessing them as donors of diploid gametes in breeding with polyploidy using. Data on the study of meiosis in microsporogenesis in tetraploid apple form 34-21-36 [30-47-88 (Liberty × 13-6-106 (s.s. Suvorovetz)) (4x) × Krasa Sverdlovska (2x)] obtained in the laboratory of apple breeding, are presented in the article. The disorders at all successive stages of meiosis were observed. At different stages of division there were run-ins and emissions of chromosomes in the cytoplasm of microsporocyte, lags and emissions, presence of micro-nuclei and nuclei in excess of the number. In the metaphase-1, the microspocyte was observed at the same time with two types of disorders in the same cell (run-ins +emissions). At the stage of tetrads, polyads were formed (pentads, hexads, heptads, octads, nanads). The amount of disorder types varied at different stages of microsporogenesis from 1 to 5. Despite the presence of disorders during meiosis, the most part of microsporocytes in the tetraploid apple form had correct pictures of division and in 36.1% of cases the process of microspogenesis ended with the formation of normal tetrads, decaying after maturation into normal microspores containing a diploid set of chromosomes. On the basis of the reduction division it was concluded that tetraploid apple form 34-21-36 (4x) was suitable as a pollinator in intervalent crosses.

Keywordspolyploidy, apple, cytoembryology, microsporogenesis, meiosis, tetraploid
Received28.09.2018
Publication date01.10.2018
Number of characters1603
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