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On the issue of family planning in Nigeria
 
PIIS086919080029678-2-1
DOI10.31857/S086919080029678-2
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Inna Rybalkina 
Occupation: Senior Research Fellow of the Center for Sociological and Political Studies, Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences
Affiliation: Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameVostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost
EditionIssue 2
Pages122-133
Abstract

Despite the fourth decade of implementation of the Nigerian government family planning program, the total fertility rate remains one of the highest in the world (5.2), and according to UN experts, by the end of the 21st century Nigeria will become the third most populous country after India and China. Explosive growth leads to complications of economic development, undermines food security and the resource base of social policy, can give rise to a series of acute environmental crises, cyclical outbreaks of epidemiological diseases, destructive internal conflicts, socio-political instability, including an increase in crime, and wars with neighboring countries.

Traditionalist norms of behavior - the desire of Nigerians to have a large family, in other words, a larger number of free labor in agricultural production, as well as religious attitudes and many other preferences hinder the implementation of state demographic policy programs.

In search of a way out, the government turns to scientists, pointing out the need to prioritize reducing child and maternal mortality. They emphasize that increasing financial support for family planning programs, involving religious leaders of all faiths in familiarizing themselves with government demographic policies, and growing the network of health centers for counseling and information on family planning are all as important as the availability and accessibility of contraception. The family planning program is the main, and in many countries the only, component of demographic policy that can significantly reduce maternal and child mortality, contribute to a reduction in the birth rate and progressive socio-economic development.

KeywordsNigeria, demographic policy, family planning, use of contraception, traditionalist behavioral stereotypes
Received17.01.2024
Publication date05.05.2024
Number of characters30114
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Table of contents

Из истории демографической политики в Нигерии
Особенности реализации программ планирования семьи
О некоторых возможностях выхода из кризисной ситуации
1 Задача обеспечения всеобщего доступа к услугам планирования семьи поставлена для достижения двух из 17 Целей устойчивого развития в период до 2030 г., принятых Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН в 2015 г.
2 В современном мире мы являемся свидетелями кардинально разнонаправленных глобальных демографических процессов. Происходит стремительный рост населения Земли, т.н. демографический бум имеет место в развивающихся странах, а экономически развитые регионы сталкиваются с депопуляцией, старением населения и сменой этнического состава; все чаще упоминается о демографическом кризисе в европейских государствах и России. Рождаемость находится ниже уровня замещения поколений во всех развитых странах Севера и в 54 странах Юга, а в 17 развивающихся странах превышает этот уровень не более чем на 10% [Иванов, 2022, с.6].
3

Из истории демографической политики в Нигерии
4 Нигерия последние 10 лет – первая и ведущая экономика Африки с темпами роста 3,5% ВВП в год, лидер по добыче нефти, журналисты называют ее «Россия без снега». Биоразнообразие Нигерии одно из самых высоких среди африканских стран, изобилующих уникальной тропической флорой и фауной, бассейн р. Кросс – центр мирового разнообразия земноводных. Но свыше 70% граждан живут за чертой бедности. Ослабляется единство страны вследствие поляризации общества по этническому и религиозному принципам. Обостряется проблема безопасности по мере роста радикального исламизма в северных районах и расширения контактов с глобальной террористической сетью в последнее десятилетие [Денисова, Костелянец, 2023]. Нигерия – государство с наибольшей численностью и плотностью населения и с наименьшими показателями его снижения. Как известно, взрывоопасный рост населения влечет за собой пагубные последствия – приводит к тяжелым осложнениям экономического развития, подрывает продовольственную безопасность и ресурсную базу социальной политики, препятствует росту образовательного уровня, может порождать череду острых как продовольственных, так и экологических кризисов, циклических вспышек эпидемиологических заболеваний, разрушительные внутренние конфликты, социально-политическую нестабильность, в том числе рост преступности, и войны с соседними странами.
5 Нигерийские исследователи неоднократно писали и о многих иных сопутствующих опасных последствиях стремительного увеличения численности населения: невероятной нагрузке на природные ресурсы, низком уровне жизни, недоедании, бедности, плохом здоровье, росте социальных пороков, таких как мошенничество в сфере ИКТ, безработица, проституция, вооруженные грабежи, терроризм, похищения людей с целью получения выкупа, ухудшение жилищных условий, уличное попрошайничество, жестокое обращение с детьми, высокая детская и материнская смертность, торговля людьми, изнасилования, использование девочек в качестве секс-рабынь и др. [Olawande et al., 2016; Fasiku, 2021; Fasiku, 2023, p. 22, 24].

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