“Western Development” as the Main Vector of the PRC's Strategic Regional Transformations in the 21th Century

 
PIIS086919080014442-3-1
DOI10.31857/S086919080014442-3
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Occupation: Leading researcher
Affiliation: Institute for Demographic Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISPR FCTAS RAS)
Address: 119333, Russia, Moscow, st. Fotieva, 6, bldg. 1
Journal nameVostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost
EditionIssue 2
Pages140-151
Abstract

The complex of regional transformations of the national economy in the Western region of the PRC, implemented since 2000, is called «Western Development». The study of the main directions of the implementation of the development strategy of Western China is most relevant in the context of the study of the modern regional history of the PRC, which makes it possible to identify the prerequisites, patterns and consequences of Chinese regional policy. The peripheral nature of the West of China determines the significance of spatial transformations in this region, and forces neighboring countries, including Russia, to orient themselves towards those strategic, promising projects, the echoes of which are reflected in the transformation and adaptation of the policies of the states neighboring with the PRC. Regional transformations of recent decades in the West of the PRC are dictated by the desire for complementary co-development of Chinese regions with different levels of economic growth, mutual openness of China in the eastern and western directions, common prosperity, security and stability of the western border areas of the PRC, as well as harmonious coexistence man and nature. «Western development» of the PRC is an important strategic stage in achieving the main goal of the Chinese state by the centenary of the formation of the PRC by 2049 to reach the level of the leading world powers. Analysis of strategic regional planning shows that this period of time is divided into 3 key stages for the development of the western territory: the fundamental stage 2001-2010, the accelerated stage 2011-2030, the stage of modernization 2031-2050.

KeywordsWestern region of the PRC; reginal history, regional development strategy; state policy; spatial development; «Western development»; policy of «reforms and opening up»; western border areas; regional planning, modernization.
Received25.04.2022
Publication date11.05.2022
Number of characters21463
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1 В мае 2020 г. в КНР были приняты «Руководящие принципы ЦК КПК и Госсовета КНР по переходу к новой модели развития Западного региона в современных условиях». В планах китайского правительства к 2035 г. в Западном Китае – полностью реализовать социалистическую модернизацию, обеспечив населению западных приграничных районов равный доступ к основным общественным услугам и развитой инфраструктуре, достигнув показателей уровня жизни населения примерно таких же как и в восточных прибрежных районах КНР. Решение проблем неравномерности пространственного развития регионов Китая, усилившихся в конце 1980-х гг., лежит в основе современной политики китайского правительства по ускорению развития Западного региона, возрождению старых промышленных баз на Северо-Востоке КНР, подъему Центрального Китая и сохранению темпов экономического роста в Восточном регионе. Региональные преобразования последних десятилетий на Западе КНР продиктованы стремлением к взаимодополняющему соразвитию различных по уровню экономического роста китайских регионов, взаимной открытостью Китая на восточном и западном направлениях, «东西双向开放», всеобщему процветанию, обеспечению безопасности и стабильности западных приграничных территорий КНР, а также гармоничному сосуществованию человека и природы.
2 Целью данной статьи является изучение основных направлений реализации стратегии развития Западного региона Китая в условиях комплексного исследования современной истории регионального развития КНР, выявление предпосылок, закономерностей и последствий китайской региональной политики в целом. Периферийность Запада Китая определяет значимость пространственных преобразований в данном регионе и заставляет ориентироваться соседние страны, включая Россию на те стратегические, перспективные проекты, отголоски которых находят отражение в трансформации и адаптации политики соседних с КНР государств.
3

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ «ЗАПАДНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ» КНР

4 Ключевую роль в исследовании особенностей развития Западного Китая, а также разработке западной региональной стратегии играют ведущие китайские научно-исследовательские институты, так называемые Think Tanks – «мозговые центры». Среди основных необходимо выделить такие центры, как Центр исследований проблем развития при Госсовете КНР, «国务院发展研究中心», Китайская Ассоциация зон развития, «中国开发区协会», Институт территориального развития и региональной экономики, «区域经济研究所», Центр градостроительства и экологических исследований Китайской академии общественных наук, «中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究中心», а также Центр изучения истории и географии китайских приграничных территорий при Китайской академии общественных наук, «中国社会科学院中国边疆史地研究中心».
5 При анализе основного вектора стратегических региональных преобразований КНР в начале ХХI в. нами были проанализированы стратегии регионального развития КНР на протяжении периода после основания КНР с 1949 г. до настоящего времени: стратегия регионального выравнивающего и сбалансированного развития «区域均衡发展战略» 1949–1978 гг., стратегия регионального несбалансированного развития, «区域非均衡发展战略», 1978–1999 гг., стратегия скоординированного экономического развития регионов КНР «区域协调发展战略» 1999–2012 гг., обновленная скоординированная стратегия регионального развития «新区域协调发展战略» 2012 по настоящее время, и в продолжении этого было рассмотрено «Западное развитие» («西部大开发») как ключевое направление пространственных преобразований в современный период истории и на перспективу развития КНР до 2050 г.

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pic. 1. Map of the location of 12 provinces, districts and cities in the West of the PRC (иллюстрации_к_статье.docx, 704 Kb) [Download]

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