Military alliance between Russia and China is not rational now, judging the Russian interests in a broad perspective. If such alliance takes place, the whole multipolar system will be radicalized and strained. Most probably, such alliance will rather endanger Russian security posture, than make Russia “raise up from the knees”. However, future political environment could bring Russia and China to activate the option of the military alliance if both of them will consider the US moves as drastically detrimental to their security interests. The US withdrawal from all the agreements on the arms control, especially, from the START -3 treaty, would mean that the US is aimed on the unilateral dominance in strategic weapons. This aim will outweigh any arguments against the military alliance between Russia and China. The scale and the forms of military cooperation between Russia and China, existing now-adays, are adequate to the current international conditions of Russia and must be continued in full. Ноwever such cooperation at this time should not cross the «red line». This «red line» is as follows: mutual distinct guarantees of both sides to stand up in defense of each other in case of threat to any of them.