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Metaphorical Extensions of the Verbs of Falling in West-Circassian
 
PIIS241377150012298-0-1
DOI10.31857/S241377150012298-0
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Irina G. Bagirokova 
Occupation: Researcher
Affiliation: Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: 1 bld. 1, Bolshoy Kislovsky Lane, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Daria Ryzhova
Affiliation: Higher School of Economics
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameIzvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka
EditionVolume 79 Issue 5
Pages69-86
Abstract

The paper considers metaphoric extensions of the West-Circassian (Adyghe) verbs of falling -fe- ‘fall’, wək ̣ʷerejə- ‘topple’, -zə- ‘detach’, zexeteqʷe- / zexezə- / zexefe- / zexewe- ‘crumple’ in typological perspective. The present analysis of metaphoric meanings is drawn on the framebased approach to lexical typology created by the Moscow lexical typology group (MLexT): all semantic shifts that the given verbs undergo are considered to be motivated by their literal, physical meanings. Metaphoric uses under discussion have been inventoried through corpus data and supplemented by the survey among native speakers.

The research demonstrates that the verb wək ̣ʷerejə- ‘topple’ has no metaphoric derivations, while the rest of the West-Circassian verbs of falling are each characterized by a specific set of semantic shifts. The verb -fe-, which originally refers to falling from a height with the focus on the goal of movement, when used metaphorically, maintains this orientation and serves to cover the situations with the idea of an unexpected coincidence, overlapping of some objects, situations or parameters. The verb -zə-, focused on the source point of the movement, in its direct meaning is normally applied to situations of falling from a height caused by detachment. Metaphors, derived from it, denote the loss of a contact or of some properties. The semantic shifts of the verbs zexeteqʷe- / zexezə- / zexefe- / zexewe, describing crumpling in their direct use, entail the meaning of the destruction of abstract constructions or that of a person’s functionality loss.

The number and the diversity of metaphors of falling attested in West-Circassian, a minor language with a young written tradition, is quite unexpected. Still, the majority of them represent specific realizations of more general semantic patterns attested in other languages and thus additionally confirm the recurrence of these patterns across languages.

KeywordsAdyghe, lexical typology, verbs of falling, metaphors, frame-based approach
AcknowledgmentThe reported study was partly funded by RFBR, project no 20-012-00240.
Received22.12.2020
Publication date22.12.2020
Number of characters55626
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