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Natural and cultural heritage as a resource for the development of cross-border tourism in the adjacent territories of Russia, Estonia and Latvia
 
Код статьиS221979310010375-5-1
DOI10.37490/S221979310010375-5
Тип публикации Статья
Статус публикации Опубликовано
Авторы
Чученкова Оксана Алексеевна 
Должность: PhD student
Аффилиация: Pskov State University
Адрес: Russian Federation, Pskov
Голомидова Елена Сергеевна
Должность: Head of Department of Tourism
Аффилиация: Administration of Pskov
Адрес: Russian Federation, Pskov
Васильева Татьяна Владимировна
Должность: associate professor
Аффилиация: Pskov State University
Адрес: Russian Federation, Pskov
Название журналаПсковский регионологический журнал
ВыпускВыпуск 3 (43)
Страницы117-139
Аннотация

The research is carried out within the theory of cross-border tourist and recreational region formation developed at the beginning of the XXI century. Thus, in the adjacent territories of Russia, Estonia, and Latvia, several cross-border tourist and recreational meso- and microregions of different orders have been identified. In particular, these are the cross-border tourist and recreational micro-regions: regions of the first order “Ivangorod — Narva”, “Pskov — Tartu” and “Pskov — Sigulda”, micro-regions of the second order: “Pytalovo — Rezekne” and “Sebezh — Rezekne”, the third-order micro-regions “Prichudsky” and “Setomaa”. 

The purpose of the study is to assess the natural and cultural-historical heritage of border territories from the tourism development point of view. The article analyzes the location of heritage sites within the cross-border tourist and recreational regions, and also determines the direction of potential cross-border tourist flows depending on the type of tourism associated with the use of certain categories of natural and cultural and historical monuments. 

All national parts of cross-border tourist and recreational regions have significant opportunities for cultural and educational tourism development. It is associated with a large number of historical and cultural monuments. Cross-border ethnographic tourism has great potential, especially in the Russian-Estonian tourist and recreational micro-region “Setomaa”. The specifics of religious tourism development are related to the increased concentration of religious sites on the Russian side of the regions. Ecotourism currently has a greater potential for development in the Estonian and Latvian parts of the regions. In Russia, this resource is also available but is not ready yet for use in the field of tourism and recreation. 

Ключевые словаheritage objects, tourism, recreation, cross-border region, Latvia, Russia, Estonia
Источник финансированияThis work was supported by the EU Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Project (“Transboundary European Regionalisation in Russia and Eastern Partnership: European Dimension and Environmental Drivers”, 611949-EPP-1-2019-1-RU-EPPJMO-PROJECT).
Получено19.05.2021
Дата публикации19.05.2021
Кол-во символов36409
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1 Introduction. By now, Russian and foreign science has accumulated considerable experience in the study of such a phenomenon as “cross-border” [3; 10; 12], including in the field of tourism and recreation. Due to the complex approach to development of “cross-border region” concept, there is a theory of cross-border tourist region formation was created. E. G. Kropinova suggested a set of main and additional features that can be used to assess the presence and degree of formation of cross-border tourist and recreational regions (TTRR). At the same time, one of the six most significant signs of the presence of TTRR was identified as “complementarity of components of natural, cultural and historical potential of tourism development, stimulating tourist flows” [4, p. 89]. This article is devoted to the disclosure of this trait of TTRR.
2 The purpose of the study is the assessment of the cultural, historical, and natural heritage of the Russian, Estonian and Latvian border territories from the tourism development point of view within the cross-border tourist and recreational regions of different levels.
3 The main objectives of the study are studying the location of heritage sites within the TTRR, as well as determining the direction of potential cross-border tourist flows depending on the type of tourism associated with the use of certain categories of natural, cultural, and historical monuments.
4 The information basis of the research is the list of objects of the cultural, historical, and natural heritage of the border areas of the Pskov region and adjacent territories of Estonia and Latvia within the boundaries of the previously allocated TTRR. From this list, the most famous heritage sites that are included or recommended for inclusion in tourist routes on one or another side of the state border are selected. Heritage sites are divided into the following main categories: 1) architectural monuments; 2) religious objects; 3) manor complexes; 4) natural attractions. Museums are also designated as a special category, usually covering a wide variety of heritage sites.
5 Problem statement. The cross-border tourist and recreational regions that are formed on the North-Western Federal district borders with neighboring States are the most studied in Russian science. First, this is the TTRR, in the formation of which the Kaliningrad region takes part [4; 14]. Recently there appeared studies on TTRR on the border of Karelia and Finland [8], and classification TTRR on the border of Russia with Norway, Finland, Estonia, and Latvia on the basis of the evaluation values of cross-border tourist traffic [6; 9].
6 We have studied in detail the TTRR formed on the border of Russia with Estonia and Latvia [1; 7; 11; 16]. In total, two mesolevel TTRR and several microregions of different orders were identified. First, it is the Russian-Estonian mesoregion “St. Petersburg – Tallinn”, which includes the first-order microregions “Ivangorod – Narva” and the third-order “Prichudsky”. Second, this is the Russian-Estonian-Latvian mesoregion, which includes the first-order “Pskov – Tartu”, “Pskov – Sigulda”, and third-order “Setomaa” microregions. The second-order cross-border microregions “Pytalovo – Rezekne” and “Sebezh – Rezekne” were also identified, together forming the Russian-Latvian microregion of the first order [7].
7 Earlier, based on the main and additional features of TTRR formation proposed by E. G. Kropinova, we identified the key factors of cross-border tourist and recreational regional formation. These factors were divided into two groups: 1) creating prerequisites for the formation of the TTRR (resource, geopolitical, ethnic); 2) allowing to assess the degree of formation of the TTRR (infrastructure, institutional, transport and logistics), as well as separately economic [2].
8 In this article, the potential of the resource factor within the allocated TTRR is studied in detail. This factor can be considered from the point of view of natural and cultural-historical potential components complementarity of the territory on different state border sides, as well as from the point of view of contrast (dissimilarity) of tourist resources if the border played the role of an ethnocultural barrier. In our opinion, both cases create favorable conditions for the development of cross-border tourism.
9 Research findings. Russian-Estonian tourist and recreational mesoregion. Within this TTRR, there are several microregions of different order and level of formation. In this study, we will review two microlevel TTRR: the first-order “Ivangorod – Narva” microregion and the potential third-order “Prichudsky” microregion.
10 The core of the microregion of the first order “Ivangorod – Narva” are the towns neighboring Ivangorod on the part of Russia and Narva from Estonia (Fig. 1). The city also includes areas adjacent to them, together with the Russian city of Kingisepp and Slantsy (Leningrad region), the Estonian cities of Kohtla-Jarve and Rakvere (counties of Ida-Virumaa and Laane-Virumaa).

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Рис. 1. ТТРР Нарва (Голомидова_Рис._1._ТТРР_Нарва.jpg, 323 Kb) [Скачать]

Рис. 2. ТТРР РЭ (Голомидова_Рис._2._ТТРР_РЭ.png, 11 Kb) [Скачать]

Рис. 3. ТТРР Причудский (Голомидова_Рис._3._ТТРР_Причудский.jpg, 759 Kb) [Скачать]

Рис. 4. ТТРР Причудский (Голомидова_Рис._4._ТТРР_Причуд.png, 10 Kb) [Скачать]

Рис. 5. ТТРР РЭЛ мезорегион (Голомидова_Рис._5._ТТРР_РЭЛ_мезорегион.jpg, 399 Kb) [Скачать]

Рис. 6. ТТРР РЭЛ (Голомидова_Рис._6._ТТРР_РЭЛ.png, 12 Kb) [Скачать]

Рис. 7. ТТРР Сетомаа (Голомидова_Рис._7._ТТРР_Сетомаа.jpg, 316 Kb) [Скачать]

Рис. 8. ТТРР Сетомаа (Голомидова_Рис._8._ТТРР_Сетомаа.png, 10 Kb) [Скачать]

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