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Empathy in intellectual and personal potential structure: intelligence and affect unity
 
PIIS020595920020496-1-1
DOI10.31857/S020595920020496-1
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Tat'yana V. Kornilova 
Occupation: Professor of the Department of General Psychology of the Faculty of Psychology
Affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University
Address: Moscow, 125009, Moscow, Mokhovaya st., 11, 9 bld
Journal namePsikhologicheskii zhurnal
EditionVolume 43 Issue 3
Pages57-68
Abstract

It is pivotal to overcome traditional dichotomies in understanding and conceptualizing empathy: e.g., as a trait vs. ability, emotionally or cognitively mediated process, situational or dispisitional factors. Herein, we develop a new approach that establishes different types of empathy as a direct result of the development of dynamic regulative systems that assume that it is possible for emotional, personality, and cognitive processes to achieve relative hierarchical superiority. The goal of the study was to obtain empirical evidence for the relationships between empathy and associated traits. The a study conducted in a Russian-speaking sample (N=605) utilized the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) as the main outcome that was correlated with such variables as emotional intelligence, implicit theories of emotion, emotional vulnerability, emotional creativity, self-efficacy in decision making, and tolerance for uncertainty. We found that empathy and emotional intelligence should be viewed as overlapping traits and constructs that share a number of mediating processes (that include understanding etc). With age, empathy decreases while emotional intelligence increases, suggesting their ontological non-reducibility to each other. Empathy was also positively related to emotional creativity and self-efficacy in decision making. We also found that while empathy levels were significantly higher in women, compared to men, men showed lower levels of emotionality but higher emotional creativity and self-efficacy; yet, no sex differences were established for emotional intelligence and implicit theories of emotions. Positive attitudes towards uncertainty were associated with higher cognitive empathy, and lower affective empathy. Thus, the study revealed that the separation of cognitive and effective empathy is justified partially, in particular as it applies to emotional infectivity. The obtained pattern of relationships suggests that the field should differentiate between empathy as a product and empathy-related processes, that can attain, via multiple alternative pathways, to the final result — empathy.

Keywordsempathy, emotional intelligence, emotional creativity, implicit theories of emotion, Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy, Subjective Risk Intelligence Scale
AcknowledgmentThe article was prepared within the framework of the project of the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (RFFR) “Emotions and Memory in Human Capital”, grant no. 19-29-07069.
Publication date23.06.2022
Number of characters25287
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