Diplomatic Agency of the Russian Empire in Mukden in 1901-1904 and Activities of the Diplomat S.A. Kolokolov

Occupation: Assistant lecturer, Department of Theory of Social Development of Asian and African Countries
Affiliation: St Petersburg University
Address: 4a, Build. 11, Universitetskaya emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

Journal name

Problemy Dalnego Vostoka

Edition

Issue 2

Pages

122-133

Abstract

At the end of the nineteenth century, Tsarist Russia's foreign policy in the Far East, particularly in China, became considerably more active. One of the main regions of China within the sphere of interest of the Russian Empire was the so-called «Three Eastern Provinces» (Manchuria), where the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) was laid and the Kwantung Province of the Russian Empire was established. In 1900, the Russian armed forces, led by Admiral E.I. Alexeyev, were forced to temporarily occupy the entire territory of Manchuria in order to suppress an uprising organized by followers of the anti-foreign Yihetuan movement, also known as the Boxer Rebellion. This included the then capital of one of the Three Eastern Provinces, Fengtian Province, the city of Mukden. The importance of Mukden as an administrative and business center and one of the largest railway stations on the CER line made the presence of an official representative of the Tsarist authorities in the city necessary. As the Boxer Rebellion was suppressed, a growing number of diverse firms and trading enterprises began to appear in the region, and foreign powers sought to expand their presence here. In 1901, Sergey Aleksandrovich Kolokolov (1868-1921), then secretary of the Russian consulate in Kashgar and graduate of the Faculty of Oriental Languages at St. Petersburg University, was appointed as diplomatic agent of the Russian Empire in Mukden. He served at this post in Mukden until the beginning of hostilities between Russia and Japan in 1904. S.A. Kolokolov was one of those diplomatic personnel in China at the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries who, thanks to their personal professionalism and loyalty to their work, ensured the safety of Russian interests in the region. This article gives the first detailed look at key aspects of the Russian diplomatic agency in Mukden.

Keywords

Russia, Manchuria, Fengtian Province, Mukden, diplomatic agency, diplomatic official, SA Kolokolov

Acknowledgment

This research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation project no. 22-28-00858 “Russian diplomats in China (second half of the 19th — early 20th Centuries): political and socio-cultural dimensions”. URL: https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-28-00858/

Received

20.03.2023

Publication date

06.05.2023

Number of characters

32482

Cite

GOST	Starovoytova E. Diplomatic Agency of the Russian Empire in Mukden in 1901-1904 and Activities of the Diplomat S.A. Kolokolov // Problemy Dalnego Vostoka – 2023. – Issue 2 C. 122-133 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://pdv.jes.su/S013128120025324-7-1 (circulation date: 12.05.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S013128120025324-7
MLA	Starovoytova, Elena "Diplomatic Agency of the Russian Empire in Mukden in 1901-1904 and Activities of the Diplomat S.A. Kolokolov." Problemy Dalnego Vostoka 2 (2023):122-133. DOI: 10.31857/S013128120025324-7
APA	Starovoytova E. (2023). Diplomatic Agency of the Russian Empire in Mukden in 1901-1904 and Activities of the Diplomat S.A. Kolokolov. Problemy Dalnego Vostoka (2), pp.122-133 DOI: 10.31857/S013128120025324-7

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 13, views: 186

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Documents from the Archive of the Foreign Policy of Russian Empire of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (AFPRE).

2. Documents from the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg (CSHA SPb).

3. Kolokolov B.S. Zapiski syna poslednego rossiyskogo imperatorskogo general'nogo konsula v Mukdene (Notes of the Son of the Last Russian Imperial Consul General in Mukden) (Ed. E.B. Kuznetsova, M.Yu. Sorokina). Diaspora: Novie Materialy. Vyp. 9. Parizh; SPb.: Athenaeum-Fenix, 2007. S. 3–68. (In Russ.)

4. Lensen G.A. Russian diplomatic and consular officials in East Asia: A handbook of the representatives of tsarist Russia and the provisional government in China, Japan and Korea from 1858 to 1924 and of Soviet representatives in Japan from 1925 to 1968. Tokyo: Sophia univ.; Tallahassee (Fla.): Diplomatic press, 1968. 294 p.

5. Russko-kitayskie otnosheniya 1689–1916. Oficial’nie dokumenty. (Sino-Russian relations. Official documents) Ed. P.E. Skachkov i V.S. Myasnikov. M.: Izd-vo vost. lit-ry, 1958. 142 s. (In Russ.)

6. Samoylov N.A. Reformy v cinskom Kitae nachala XX v. glazami rossijskih diplomaticheskih predstavitelej (po dokumentam iz fondov RGIA) (Late Qing Reforms of the Early 20th Century through the Eyes of Russian Diplomatic Representatives (Based on the Documents from the Russian State Historical Archive)). Problemy Dal'nego Vostoka. 2022. No. 6. S. 175–188. DOI: 10.31857/S013128120023468–5. (In Russ.)

7. Sharonova V.G. Rol' Rossiyskogo Imperatorskogo konsul'stva v Nyuchzhuane (Inkou) v rasshirenii torgovo-ekonomicheskikh otnosheniy mezhdu Rossiyey i Kitayem s 1906 po 1909 g. (The Role of the Russian Imperial Consulate in Nyuzhuang (Yingkou) in ExpandingTrade and Economic Relations between Russia and China from 1906 to 1909). Problemy Dal'nego Vostoka. 2023. No. 1. S. 135–150. DOI: 10.31857/S013128120024371–9. (In Russ.)

8. Sharonova V.G. Sociokulturnaya deyatel’nost’ rossiyskogo imperatorskogo konsul’stva v Inkou (Kitay) v period vremennogo russkogo uprevleniya (1900–1904) (Socio-cultural Activities of the Russian Imperial Consulate in Yingkou (China) during the Period of Temporary Russian Administration (1900–1904)). Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Vostokovedenie i afrikanistika. 2022. T. 14. Vyp.3. S. 396–414. DOI: 10.21638/spbu13.2022.302. (In Russ.)

9. Sizova A.A. Politicheskoye izmereniye deyatel'nosti konsul'skoy sluzhby Rossii v Zastennom Kitaye vo vtoroy polovine XIX — nachale XX vv. (Political Dimension of the Activities of the Consular Service of Russia in Walled China in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries). Vestnik Tomskogo GU. No. 1 (13), 2011. S. 103–107. (In Russ.)

10. Smolianinova T.A. Arkhitektura istoricheskikh zdaniy konsul'stv v gorode Shen'yane, Kitay (Architecture of the historical buildings of the consulates in Shenyang, China). Gradostroitel'stvo i arkhitektura. 2020. T. 10. No. 3(40). S. 86–92. DOI: 10.17673/Vestnik.2020.03.12 (In Russ.)

11. Smolianinova T.A. Arkhitektura utrachennykh konsul'skikh zdaniy v g. Shen'yane (Mukden) v pervoy polovine XX veka (The architecture of the lost consular buildings in Shenyang (Mukden) in the first half of the 20th century). Arkhitekton: izvestiya vuzov. 2019. No. 3(67). S. 12. (In Russ.)

12. Sobraniye tsirkulyarov Ministerstva inostrannykh del po Departamentu lichnogo sostava i khozyaystvennykh del: 1840–1900 (Collection of Circulars of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Personnel and Economic Affairs: 1840–1900). SPb.: Tip. A.M. Mendelevicha, 1900. 220 s. (In Russ.)

13. Starovoytova E.O. Rossiyskiye diplomaty v Mukdene v gody russko-yaponskoy voyny 1904–1905 gg. (Russian diplomats in Mukden on the eve of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904–1905). YAPONIYA: civilizaciya, kul'tura, yazyk. SPb. Izd-vo Art-xpress, 2022. S. 629–642. (In Russ.)

14. Zakony ob upravlenii oblastey Dal'nego Vostoka (Laws on the Management of the Regions of the Far East). Compiled by. G.G. Savich. SPb.: tip. I.N. Skorokhodova, 1904. 221 s. (In Russ.)