The Idea of Superiority in the Colonial Discourse of the First Francoism (1939–1959) in No-Do Newsreels

 
PIIS013038640012698-5-1
DOI10.31857/S013038640012698-5
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Affiliation: Institute of World History, RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameNovaia i noveishaia istoriia
EditionIssue 6
Pages155-166
Abstract

The idea of superiority was an important part of the Spanish colonial discourse during the first Francoism. However, after the World War II, the traditional colonial narrative based on the idea of European supremacy was discredited by the growing independence movements. Although Madrid was in no hurry to abandon the overseas possessions, the Spanish authorities had to revise their colonial discourse. A little-studied source that allows tracing these changes is the Spanish newsreels No-Do, shown since 1943. Traditionally, it was believed that these changes took place only after Spain adopted the policy of provincialization in the late 1950s, when its overseas possessions received equal rights with the metropole. However, this article shows that the narrative began to change earlier – after the country's accession to the UN in 1955. Before this year, the colonial discourse broadcasted by the No-Do was based on the idea of the superiority of the Spaniards over the local population. After 1955, Spaniards and locals were shown as equals in an increasing number of the No-Do reports. At the same time, the ways of displaying different colonies in the Spanish newsreels differed. The idea of superiority was expressed largely in the materials devoted to Spanish Guinea: its population, traditions, and customs were presented as ‘uncivilized’. In the case of the Muslim lands controlled by Spain (Northern Morocco, Ifni, Spanish Sahara), the newsreels showed greater respect for the locals, though making clear that their status was lower in comparison with that of the Spaniards.

KeywordsSpain, Francoism, Morocco, Guinea, colonialism, No-Do
AcknowledgmentThe article made within the grant of the Russian Scientific Foundation № 20-18-00482 “Transformations of the Supremacy Ideas in the West and in Russia, Late 19th – early 21st Centuries”.
Received14.08.2020
Publication date07.12.2020
Number of characters35125
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