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The Ottoman Empire and Kemalist Turkey: A Problem of the Continuity and Nation Building
 
PIIS013038640008660-4-1
DOI10.31857/S013038640008660-4
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Alim Abidulin 
Affiliation:
Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod
Sergey Krivov
Affiliation: Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
Address: Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod
Journal nameNovaia i noveishaia istoriia
EditionIssue 2
Pages164-174
Abstract

The confessional homogeneity (90% of the population were Muslims) was characteristic for the Republic of Turkey at the moment of its appearance, while the ethnic diversity of the population was extreme. The creation of a single nation, the establishment of the institution of citizenship and instilling a sense of patriotism was one of the two goals of the Kemalists. Their other goal was to make Turkish society modern and civilized. Both of these terms refer to modern European civilization, which the Kemalists, being radical Westerners, regarded as the only viable. These goals could be achieved only by educating the masses, requiring compulsory secularization of people's consciousness, which resulted in a policy aimed at the abolition of mystical fraternities and the introduction of the Swiss civil code in place of religious law. All this required the reorganization of the state and a number of reforms that completely changed the Ottoman society on the basis of which a new Turkish society was created. These reforms set a definite direction for the development of the Republic of Turkey. Significant changes in society led to a number of problems, many of which have not been resolved until today. At present, issues of national selfdetermination are very acute, not only in the Republic of Turkey itself, but also in its neighbouring regions. The ideas of a number of Western politicians about the identity of each nation and calls for self-determination and separation determine the development of separatist tendencies in the Middle East.

KeywordsOttoman Empire, Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, national construction
Received24.02.2020
Publication date27.03.2020
Number of characters28203
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