All
 
|
 
 


The Ottoman Empire and Kemalist Turkey: A Problem of the Continuity and Nation Building
 
PIIS013038640008660-4-1
DOI10.31857/S013038640008660-4
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Alim Abidulin 
Affiliation:
Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS
Address: Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod
Sergey Krivov
Affiliation: Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod
Address: Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod
Journal nameNovaia i noveishaia istoriia
EditionIssue 2
Pages164-174
Abstract

The confessional homogeneity (90% of the population were Muslims) was characteristic for the Republic of Turkey at the moment of its appearance, while the ethnic diversity of the population was extreme. The creation of a single nation, the establishment of the institution of citizenship and instilling a sense of patriotism was one of the two goals of the Kemalists. Their other goal was to make Turkish society modern and civilized. Both of these terms refer to modern European civilization, which the Kemalists, being radical Westerners, regarded as the only viable. These goals could be achieved only by educating the masses, requiring compulsory secularization of people's consciousness, which resulted in a policy aimed at the abolition of mystical fraternities and the introduction of the Swiss civil code in place of religious law. All this required the reorganization of the state and a number of reforms that completely changed the Ottoman society on the basis of which a new Turkish society was created. These reforms set a definite direction for the development of the Republic of Turkey. Significant changes in society led to a number of problems, many of which have not been resolved until today. At present, issues of national selfdetermination are very acute, not only in the Republic of Turkey itself, but also in its neighbouring regions. The ideas of a number of Western politicians about the identity of each nation and calls for self-determination and separation determine the development of separatist tendencies in the Middle East.

KeywordsOttoman Empire, Republic of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, national construction
Received24.02.2020
Publication date27.03.2020
Number of characters28203
Cite  
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 777

Readers community rating: votes 0 

1. Akın R. TBMM Devleti (1920–1923). Birinci Meclis Döneminde Devlet Erkleri ve Idare. Istanbul, 2001.
2. Berber E. Sancılı Yıllar: Izmir 1918–1922 Mütareke ve Yunan Işgali Döneminde Izmir Sancağı. Ankara, 1997.
3. Çavdar T. Halk evleri. – Cumhuriyet Dönemi Türkiye Ansiklopedisi. Ed. by M. Belge. Istanbul, 1984, p. 878–884.
4. Dumont P. The Origins of Kemalist Ideology. – Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey. Ed. by J. Landau. Boulder, 1984, p. 25–44.
5. Hanioğlu M. Ş. Garbcılar: their attitudes toward religion and their impact on the official ideology of the Turkish Republic. – Studia Islamica, 1997, № 86, p. 134–158.
6. Hartmann R. Im neuen Anatolien. Leipzig, 1928.
7. Heyd U. Foundations of Turkish Nationalism. The Life and Teachings of Ziya Gökalp. London, 1950.
8. Jaeschke G. Türk İnkılabı Tarihi Kronolojisi, vol. 2. Istanbul, 1941.
9. Karabekir K. Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti 1896–1909. Istanbul, 1982.
10. Kemal [Atatürk]. Nutuk, vol. 2. Istanbul, 1967.
11. Linke L. Allah Dethroned. A Journey through Modern Turkey. London, 1937.
12. McCarthy J. Muslims and Minorities. The Population of Ottoman Anatolia and the End of the Empire. New York, 1983.
13. Nye R. A. The Origins of Crowd Psychology. Gustave Le Bon and the Crisis of Mass Democracy in the Third Republic. London, 1975.
14. Şenşekerci E. Türk Devriminde Celâl Bayar (1918–1960). Istanbul, 2000.
15. Tunaya T. Z. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisisi hükümetinin kuruluşu ve hukukî karakteri. – Istanbul Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, 1953, № 23, p. 227–247.
16. Tunçay M. T.C.’nde Tek Parti Yönetimi’nin Kurulması (1923–1931). Istanbul, 1989.
17. Unan N. Atatürk’ün Söylev ve Demeçleri II (1906–1938). Ankara, 1959.
18. Zürcher E. J. Political Opposition in the Early Turkish Republic. The Progressive Republican Party (1924–1925). Leiden, 1991.
19. Zürcher E. J. Between Death and Desertion. The Experience of the Ottoman Soldier in World War I. – Turcica, 1996, № 28, p. 235–258.
20. Zürcher E. J. The Ottoman Empire and the armistice of Mudros. – At the Eleventh Hour. Reflections, Hopes and Anxieties at the Closing of the Great War, 1918. Ed. by H. Cecil, P. H. Liddle. London, 1998, p. 266–275.
21. Zürcher E. J. The borders of the republic reconsidered, Bilanço 1923/1998. – International Conference on History of the Turkish Republic a Reassessment, vol. 1. Politics – Culture – International Relations. Ankara, 1999, p. 53–59.
22. Novaya i novejshaya istoriya Tom 64, № 2, 2020
23. Zürcher E. J. The vocabulary of Muslim nationalism. – International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1999, № 137, p 81–92.
24. Zürcher E. J. Young Turks, Ottoman Muslims and Turkish nationalists: identity politics 1908–1938. Ottoman Past and Today’s Turkey. Ed. by K. N. Karpat. Leiden, 2000, p. 150–179.
25. Zürcher E. J. Two Young Ottomanists Discover Kemalist Turkey: The Travel Diaries of Robert Anhegger and Andreas Tietze. – Journal of Turkish Studies, № 26, 2002, p. 359–369.
26. Zürcher E. J. Ottoman sources of Kemalist thought. – Late Ottoman Society. Ed. by E. Özdalga. London, 2005, p. 14–27.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up