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Stafford Cripps (1889—1952). The Political Portrait
 
PIIS013038640001431-2-1
DOI10.31857/S013038640001431-2
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Elena Susloparova 
Occupation: Associate Professor of the History Faculty
Affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow
Journal nameNovaia i noveishaia istoriia
EditionIssue 5
Pages212-232
Abstract

The essay deals with the life and activity of the famous British politician S. Cripps. The Author traces the main stages of Cripps’s political career, formation and the evolution of his social and political views, considers his role in the history of the Labour party as one of its left wing leaders in the 1930s and a minister in C. Attlee’s governments in the 1940s. Special attention is given to Cripps’s stay in the USSR as the British Ambassador during the Second World War and the Cripps mission to India.

KeywordsGreat Britain, Labour party, Socialist League, S. Cripps, Cripps mission, Soviet-British relations
Received10.10.2018
Publication date10.10.2018
Number of characters69262
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1. Strauss P. Cripps — Advocate Extraordinary. New York, 1942; Estorick E. Stafford Cripps. A Biography. London, 1949, p. 3.
2. Cooke C. The Life of Richard Stafford Cripps. London, 1957; Bryant C. Stafford Cripps — the First Modern Chancellor. London, 1997; Burgess S. Stafford Cripps. A Political Life. London, 1999; Clarke P. The Cripps Version. The Life of Sir Stafford Cripps, 1889-1952. London, 2002.
3. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 7.
4. Ibid., p. 14.
5. Ibid., p. 19—20.
6. Cook C. Op. cit., p. 78—82; Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 36—37.
7. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 34.
8. Morrison H. An Autobiography. London, 1960, p. 114—116.
9. Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 40.
10. Labour Forces. From Ernest Bevin to Gordon Brown. London - New York, 2002, p. 69.
11. Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 40.
12. Majskij I. M. Vospominaniya sovetskogo diplomata. M., 1971, s. 427; Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 47.

13. Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 42—43.
14. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 51.
15. Ibid., p. 52—55.
16. The Annual Register. A Review of Public Events at Home and Abroad for the Year 1931. London, 1932, p. 7—9; Report of the 31-st Annual Conference of the Labour Party. London, 1931, p. 83—84.
17. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1931, v. 247, col. 1032.
18. Vystuplenie Krippsa na ehtu temu v mae 1931 g. sm.: Ibid., v. 252, col. 518—523.
19. Cooke C. Op. cit., p. 126.
20. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 65.
21. Cooke C. Op. cit., p. 126—127; Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 49.
22. Cook C. Op. cit., p. 129; Cripps S. Can Socialism Come by Constitutional Methods? London, 1933, p. 2.
23. Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 49—50; Webb B. The Diary. V. IV. 1924—1943. The Wheel of Life. Cambridge (Mass.), 1985, p. 436.
24. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 68; Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 56.
25. Attlee C. As it Happened. London, 1954, p. 78.
26. Dalton H. The Political Diary, 1918—1940, 1945—1960. London, 1986, p. 185.
27. Postgate R. The Life of George Lansbury. London, 1951, p. 279—281. Na temu vzaimootnoshenij Lehnsberi i Krippsa sm. podrobnee: Susloparova E. A. Dzhordzh Lehnsberi (1859—1940). Stranitsy politicheskoj biografii lidera britanskikh lejboristov. // Novaya i novejshaya istoriya, 2014,
№ 2.

28. Harris K. Attlee. London, 1983, p. 110.
29. Cripps S. Can Socialism Come by Constitutional Methods? p. 1; idem. The Ultimate Aims of the Labour Party. London, 1933, p. 2; idem. Why this Socialism. London, 1934, p. 40—41, 44; Fenn L. A., Clay H. E., Cole G. D. H., Cripps C., Horrabin J. F., Mellor W. Problems of the Socialist Transition. London, 1934, p. 26.

30. Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 53—54; Foote M. Aneurin Bevan. A Biography. V. I. 1897—1945. London, 1962, p. 156.
31. Fenn L. A., Clay H. E., Cole G. D. H., Cripps C., Horrabin J. F., Mellor W. Op. cit., p. 17; Cripps S.
Can Socialism Come by Constitutional Methods? p. 4—5, 7.

32. Sm., naprimer: Laski H. Democracy in Crisis. London, 1933, p. 77, 87, 105, 266.
33. Dalton H. The Fateful Years. Memoirs 1931—1945. London, 1957, p. 149; idem. The Political Diary, 1918—1940, 1945—1960, p. 181.
34. For Socialism and Peace. The Labour Party’s Programme of Action. London, 1934, p. 15.
35. Report of the 34-th Annual Conference of the Labour Party. London, 1934, p. 159—165.
36. Report of the 35-th Annual Conference of the Labour Party. London, 1935, p. 156—158, 193.
37. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 99.
38. Webb B. The Diary. V. IV. 1924—1943. The Wheel of Life, p. 358.
39. Report of the 36-th Annual Conference of the Labour Party. London, 1936, p. 50—51, 211.
40. Manchester Guardian, 16.XI.1936.
41. Manchester Guardian, 19.XI.1936.; Daily Herald, 21.XI.1936.
42. Daily Herald, 20.XI.1936.
43. Cripps S. The Struggle for Peace. London, 1936, p. 118—119.
44. Daily Herald, 18.I.1937.
45. Report of the 37-th Annual Conference of the Labour Party. London, 1937, p. 27, 269—270.
46. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 109.
47. Times, 15.III.1937.
48. Report of the 37-th Annual Conference of the Labour Party, p. 27.
49. Ibid., p. 160.
50. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 115; Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1938, v. 336, col. 1336—1342.
51. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1938, v. 339, col. 416; Hanak H. Sir Stafford Cripps as British Ambassador in Moscow May 1940 — June 1941. — The English Historical Review, 1979, v. XCIV, № 370, p. 51.
52. Report of the 38-th Annual Conference of the Labour Party. London, 1939, p. 44—45.
53. Ibid., p. 48.
54. Ibid., p. 228, 235.
55. Majskij I. M. Ukaz. soch., s. 427.
56. Gorodetsky G. Stafford Cripps’ Mission to Moscow, 1940—1942. Cambridge, 1984, p. 3.
57. Ibid., p. 22.
58. Cherchill' U. Vtoraya mirovaya vojna. T. 2. Ikh samyj slavnyj chas. M., 1998, s. 72.
59. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 145.
60. Majskij I. M. Ukaz. soch., s. 519.
61. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 153. Na temu prebyvaniya Krippsa v SSSR sm. takzhe: Hanak H. Op. cit.; idem. Sir Stafford Cripps as Ambassador in Moscow June 1941 — January 1942. — The English Historical Review, 1982, v. XCVII, № 383.

62. Sir Stafford Cripps Broadcast. 8 February 1942. URL: http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/ussr/6705.shtml 
63. Cherchill' U. Vtoraya mirovaya vojna. T. 4. Povorot sud'by. M., 1998, c. 42; Dictionary of Labour Biography. London, 2001, p. 143.
64. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 165; Labour Forces. From Ernest Bevin to Gordon Brown, p. 73.
65. Strauss P. Op. cit., p. 305.
66. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1942, v. 379, col. 826—843. O «missii Krippsa» sm. podrobnee: Coupland R. The Cripps Mission. London — New York, 1942; Moore R. J. Churchill, Cripps and India, 1939—1945. Oxford, 1979; Mishra B. K. The Cripps Mission. Reappraisal. New Delhi, 1982.
67. Cripps S. God in Our Work. Religious Addresses. London, 1949, p. 35—36.
68. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 178—180, 183.
69. Ibid., p. 185—187.
70. Ibid., p. 191—192, 194.
71. Ibid., p. 221; Estorick E. Op. cit., p. 362; Attlee C. Op. cit., p. 76.
72. Sm., naprimer: Cripps S. God in Our Work. Religious Addresses, p. 3—6, 8, 10, 17; idem. Democracy Alive. London, 1946, p. 98—100; idem. Towards Christian Democracy. New York, 1946, p. 54.
73. Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 532.
74. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 237.
75. Dalton H. The Political Diary, 1918—1940, 1945—1960, p. 410; Williams F. A. Prime Minister Remembers. The War and Post-War Memoirs of Rt Hon. Earl Attlee. London, 1961, p. 150. Po odnoj iz versij Bevin v svyazi s ehtimi sobytiyami proiznes sakramental'nuyu frazu, v kotoroj soderzhalsya namek na raskol liberalov v 1916 g.: «Vy chto obo mne dumaete? Chto ya Llojd Dzhordzh?»: Harris K. Op. cit., p. 347.
76. Morgan K. O. Labour People. Leaders and Lieutenants, Hardie to Kinnock. Oxford, 1987, p. 170, 174—175; Estorick E. Op. cit., p. 365.
77. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 252; Clarke P. Op. cit., p. 491—492.
78. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1948, v. 449, col. 52—54, 63—65.
79. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1949, v. 466, col. 2160.
80. Morgan K. O. Labour in Power. 1945—1951. Oxford, 1984, p. 383; Williams F. Op. cit., p. 227.
81. Manchester Guardian, 19.IX.1949.
82. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 296.
83. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1949, v. 468, col. 36—39, 74—75, 157, 167—168.
84. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 298—301.
85. Dalton H. The Political Diary, 1918—1940, 1945—1960, p. 459.
86. Burgess S. Op. cit., p. 309.
87. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1950, v. 476, col. 1933—1940.
88. Daily Herald, 20.X.1950.
89. Majskij I. M. Ukaz. soch., s. 426.
90. Hansard. Parliamentary Debates. House of Commons, 1952, v. 499, col. 219.
91. Strauss P. Op. cit., p. 4, 8; Webb B. The Diary. V. IV. 1924—1943. The Wheel of Life, p. 479.
92. Daily Herald, 22.IV.1952.
93. Morgan K. O. Labour People. Leaders and Lieutenants, Hardie to Kinnock, p. 163.
94. Estorick E. Op. cit., p. 362.

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