On Certain Research Approaches to the World Information and Communication Order

Occupation: Professor of International Relations
Affiliation: Belarusian State University
Address: 20, Leningradskaya Str., Minsk, 220030, Republic of Belarus

Leonid A. Fedotov

Occupation: External Сandidate’s Degree Applicant
Affiliation: Belarusian State University
Address: 20, Leningradskaya Str., Minsk, 220030, Republic of Belarus

Journal name

Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia

Edition

Volume 67 Issue 2

Pages

67-77

Abstract

The article analyzes new trends and features of development of the World Information and Communication Order (WICO). Particular attention is focused on scientific approaches of Russian and Western authors to modern problems of international communication. The role and place of WICO in the world order are shown. While in the 1970–1980s, the disputes around the establishment of the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) used to be a popular object of investigation in the political, social and legal sciences, this interest died away as soon as NWICO ceased to be a factor in global political debates. However, the authors reject the attitude towards NWICO as being merely a historic phenomenon, because it has been referred to in the UN General Assembly acts until recently. As soon as the world order incorporates the urge for an ideal and objective reality, NWICO is considered as an indispensable part of WICO. In the article, the latter is regarded as a sub-system of the world political order and world economic order, which is greatly influenced by the developments experienced by the latter. In the meantime, WICO itself contains at least four sectoral sub-systems which have reached different levels of evolution: the technical cooperation sub-system, the economic sub-system, the content sub-system and the security sub-system. As far as approximately 55 regional organizations have established their cooperation frameworks in the information and communication field, WICO contains a highly developed regional sub-system which in many cases has reached much more advanced levels than the global WICO. The authors analyze the influence on WICO exerted by such trends in the world order system as non-state actors' strengthening and the expansion of the order's comprehensive rules on national policies' spheres. The WICO evolution is shown as a continuous process throughout which its rules have emerged in the growing number of segments of the information and communication sphere, fueled, on the one hand, by the progress in information receiving, transfer, storage and processing and, on the other hand, by developments in the world political order and world economic order. According to the article, from the middle of the 19th century until early 21st century, this evolution had passed seven stages. The authors expect the upcoming switch to the realistic approach in the further development of WICO, which presupposes a restriction of its rules to those issues, which can be a subject to broad international consensus.

Keywords

international order in the field of information and communication, world order, international communication, international information security, information and communication technologies

Received

03.05.2023

Publication date

03.05.2023

Number of characters

26377

Cite

GOST	Snapkovskii V., Fedotov L. On Certain Research Approaches to the World Information and Communication Order // Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia – 2023. – V. 67. – Issue 2 C. 67-77 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ras.jes.su/meimo/s013122270025472-0-1-en (circulation date: 19.05.2024). DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-2-67-77
MLA	Snapkovskii, Vladimir E, Fedotov, Leonid A "On Certain Research Approaches to the World Information and Communication Order." Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia 67.2 (2023):67-77. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-2-67-77
APA	Snapkovskii V., Fedotov L. (2023). On Certain Research Approaches to the World Information and Communication Order. Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia 67(2), pp.67-77 DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-2-67-77

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1	МПИК КАК ОБЪЕКТ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
2	В советской и зарубежной политологической, социологической, юридической и исторической литературе значительное внимание уделено феномену нового международного порядка в области информации и коммуникации (НМПИК) как одному из проявлений политической борьбы на международной арене, которую вели развивающиеся страны при поддержке СССР за достижение подлинного равноправия в международных отношениях (МО) в 1970–1980-е годы. Несмотря на то что эта борьба не увенчалась успехом, понятие НМПИК не кануло в Лету и до сих пор используется в документах ООН применительно к задаче минимизации диспропорций между развитыми и развивающимися странами в способности распространения информации, донесения до международного сообщества своих культурных и нравственных ценностей, обеспечения разнообразия источников информации и свободного доступа к ней [ист. 1].
3	С начала ХХI в. в дискурсе, связанном с изучением современных международных отношений, все большее распространение получает исследование международного порядка в области информации и коммуникации. Согласно универсальному подходу, который отражен в решениях ООН, МПИК рассматривается как развивающийся и непрерывный процесс. Его формирование предполагает переплетенность и общезначимость в определенной исторической ситуации элементов старого (сложившегося) и нового (возникающего) порядка [1, с. 17]. В данной связи считаем нецелесообразным обособление в качестве предмета исследования НМПИК от МПИК. Безусловно, эти два понятия тесно связаны между собой. С другой стороны, между ними имеется немалая разница, заключающаяся в том, что понятие НМПИК в значительной степени приобрело уже исторический характер, связанный с эпохой холодной войны и политической борьбы глобального Юга за свое равноправие в МО. В то же время МПИК формируется как более широкое пространственно-временное научное понятие и категория мировой политики. В более узких исторических рамках это понятие и явление охватывает период после окончания холодной войны.
4	Исследования 1970–1980-х годов фокусировали внимание преимущественно на описании проблем неравенства между развитыми и развивающимися странами в области массовой информации и практических мер, принимаемых по устранению этих проблем в рамках международных организаций [2]. Среди значительного числа работ, посвященных вопросам международных коммуникаций, необходимо выделить небольшую, но содержательную монографию Б. Павлич и С. Хамелинка о внутренней взаимосвязи концепций НМПИК и нового международного экономического порядка [3]. После того как в 1988–1989 гг. концепция НМПИК на глобальном политическом уровне была официально пересмотрена и утратила свое острое политическое значение, научный интерес к ней снизился.

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