Venezuelan crisis in the context of presidential elections

The article discusses the situation in the country on the eve of the elections, the programs of the main candidates and the results of the voting. It is concluded that the presidential control over the institutions of power in the country has been significantly strengthened, despite a significant drop in the living standards of the population. Reasons for this are identified. The author comes to the conclusion about the possibility of further deepening of the crisis and the need to implement an anti-crisis plan, roviding for making adjustments to the economic and political course and attracting external sources of funding.

Keywords

Maduro, elections, crisis, control, institutes, prospects, financing

Received

25.12.2018

Publication date

25.12.2018

Cite Download pdf To download PDF you should sign in

GOST	Semenov V. Venezuelan crisis in the context of presidential elections // Latin America – 2018. – Issue 12 C. 37-48 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://latamerica-journal.ru/S0044748X0002314-4-1 (circulation date: 20.04.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0002314-4
MLA	Semenov, Victor L "Venezuelan crisis in the context of presidential elections." Latin America 12 (2018):37-48. DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0002314-4
APA	Semenov V. (2018). Venezuelan crisis in the context of presidential elections. Latin America (12), pp.37-48 DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0002314-4

Price publication: 0

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 1212

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Lucena afirmó que Maduro fue “reelecto” presidente. El Nacional. 20.05.18. ― Available at: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/politica/lucena-afirmo-que-maduro-fue-reelecto-presidente_236166 (accessed 21.05.2018).

2. M.A r m a s, J.F o r e r o. Venezuela’s Maduro Sworn In for Second Term in Rushed Inauguration. Wall Street Journal. New York. 24.05.2018. ― Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/venezuelas-maduro-sworn-in-for-second-term-in-rushed-inauguration-1527202209 (accessed 26.05.2018).

3. E.M.N ú ñ e z. Las antielecciones en Venezuela. The New York Times. N.Y. 17.05.2018. ― Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/es/2018/05/17/opinion-nunez-elecciones-venezuelamaduro-falcon ( accessed 21.05.2018).

4. F.R o d r í g u e z. Dollarizar puede estabilizar la economía a corto plazo. El Universal. Caracas, 11.03.2018. pp. 1-3.

5. S.H.H a n k e. Money and the Rule of Law in Ecuador. Policy Reform. September 2003. Vol.3, pp.131-145. ― Available at: www.hacer.org/pdf/Hanke00.pdf (accessed 29.09.2018).

6. CEPAL. Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe 2017 ― Available at: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/42651/76/ BPE2017_ Ecuador_es.pdf

7. IMF. World economic outlook. Washington, October 2016, October 2017, April 2018; IMF. Regional Economic Outlook. Western Hemisphere. October 2015.

8. Foreign exchange system overhauled. FocusEconomics.12.02.18. ― Available at: https://fucus-economics.com/country-indicator/venezuela/exchange-rate (accessed: 25.02.2018).

9. Dolartoday. Noticias y Dolar paralelo. ― Available at: https//dollartoday.com (accessed 03.01.2014; 05.01.2017).

10. IMF. World economic outlook. Op. cit.

11. Venezuela: a nation in a state. The Economist. London, 2.02.2016. ― Available at: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2016/02/18/venezuela-a-nation-in-a-state (accessed 18.02.2018).

12. How Venezuela tests Latin America’s commitment to democracy. The Economist. London, 1.03.2018 ― Available at: https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2018/03/01/how-venezuelatests-latin-americas-commitment-to-democracy (accessed)

13. G. L o n g. Trust is the new currency in the surreal Venezuelan economy. Financial Times. 20.05.2018. ― Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/6ab41444-5ff8-11e8-9334-2218e7146b04 (accessed 23.05.2018).

14. Подсчитано по данным International Trade Centre. ― Available at: www.intracen.org/itc/market-info-tools/trade-statistics/ (accessed 10.09.2018).

15. IMF. World economic outlook. Op. cit.

16. J.F o r e r o. Venezuela’s Misery Fuels Migration on Epic Scale. Wall street journal. 13.02.2018. ― Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/venezuelas-misery-fuels-migration-onepic-scale-1518517800?mod=searchresults&page=1&pos=6 (accessed 25.02.2015).

17. G.L o n g. Venezuela’s imploding economy sparks refugee crisis. Financial Times. 16.04.2018. ― Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/a62038a4-3bdc-11e8-b9f9-de94fa33a81e (accessed 19.04.2018).

18. I.S a n t a e u l a l i a. La lucha ahora es lograr que las democracias aíslen al régimen de Maduro. El País. Madrid. 04.05.2018. ― Available at: https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/04/05/actualidad/1522943920_292697.html (accessed: 10.05.2018).

19. A.U l m e r, G.G u p t a. Maduro boasts start of Venezuela summit despite 'gringo pressure'. Reuters, 13.09.2016 ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-nonalignedidUSKCN11K06F (accessed 5.04.2018).

20. V.Hejfec, L.Hadorich. Krizis v Venesujele i regional'naja integracija [The crisis in Venezuela and regional integration]. Mirovaja jekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, 2017, Vol. 61, № 5, p. 81.

21. Balance Preliminar de las Economías de América Latina y el Caribe 2017. New York, 2017.

22. V.L.S e m e n o v. Venezuela: Conflicto del «Proyecto Bolivariano». Iberoamérica, № 1, 2017, p. 28-51.

23. D.E d e l m a n. Venezuela Sanctions Update 2017. Global trade. 01.12.2017. ― Available at: http://www.globaltrademag.com/global-trade-daily/venezuela-sanctions-update-2017 (accessed 23.07.2018).

24. A.C a w t h o r n e, E.C h i n e a. Venezuela opposition votes en masse in plebiscite to defy Maduro. Reuters. 17.07.2017. ― Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuelapolitics-idUSKBN1A104O (accessed 23.08.2017).

25. Venezuela’s prosecutor decries regime plan to change constitution, protests worsening. Petroleumworld. Caracas, 24.05.17. ― Available at: http://www.petroleumworld.com/storyt17052402.htm (accessed: 29.05.2018).

26. El presidente Nicolás Maduro convoca a una Asamblea Nacional Constituyente en Venezuela. BBC Mundo. 2.05.2017. ― Available at: http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticiasamerica-latina-39774863 (accessed: 4.05.2017).

27. F.R o d r í g u e z. Don’t let Venezuela become the next Libya. Financial Times. 1.06.2017. ― Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/33abcdaa-461f-11e7-8519-9f94ee97d996?mhq5j=e2 (accessed 16.06.1017).

28. C.P o n s, B.E l l s w o r t h. Venezuela opposition says 7 million vote in anti-Maduro pol.Reuters. 16.07.2017. ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politicsidUSKBN1A104O (accessed 23.08.2017).

29. A.C a w t h o r n e, A.A p o n t e. Venezuela opposition to start two-day anti-Maduro shutdown. Reuters.26.07.2015. ― Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuelapolitics-idUSKBN1AB0E7 (accessed 30.07.2018).

30. R.K r y g i e r, A.F a i o l a. Venezuela´s pro-government assembly moves to take power from elected congress The Washington Post.Wasington, 18.08.2017. ― Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/venezuelas-pro-government-assembly-moves-to-takepower-from-elected-congress/2017/08/18/9c6cd0a2-8416-11e7-9e7a-20fa8d7a0db6_story.html?utm_term=.8bf121917df7 (accessed 23.08.2017).

31. R.D u b e. Regional Governments Reject New Venezuela Assembly. The Wall Street Journal. 8.08.2017. ― Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/regional-governments-reject-newvenezuela-assembly-1502240140 (accessed 09.09.2017).

32. Venezuela holds another flawed election. The Economist. London, 19.10.2017. ― Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730462-opposition-directionless-and-demoralised-venezuela-holds-another-flawed-election (accessed 25.11.2017).

33. A.C a w t h o r n e, L.W i e t f e l d. Buoyed by mayoral votes, Venezuela socialists eye presidency race. Reuters. 10.12.2017. ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/usvenezuela-politics/buoyed-by-mayoral-votes-venezuela-socialists-eye-presidency-race-idUSKBN1E4044 (accessed 25.12.2017).

34. I.S a n t a e u l a l i a, J.B o r g e s: La lucha ahora es lograr que las democracias aíslen al régimen de Maduro. Tenemos Noticias. 6.04.2018 ― Available at: https://www.tenemosnoticias.com/ noticia/henri-panorama-tenebroso-candidatura-200244/667275 (accessed 20.04.2018).

35. A.A p o n t e, A.I.M a r t í n e z. For poor Venezuelans, a box of food may sway vote for Maduro. Reuters. 12.03.18 ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-politicsfood/for-poor-venezuelans-a-box-of-food-may-sway-vote-for-maduro-idUSKCN1GO173 (accessed 18.03.1018).

36. M.A.O’G r a d y. Maduro Is Starving His People. The Wall Street Journal. 19.11.2017. ― Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/maduro-is-starving-his-own-people-1511071600 (accessed 30.11.2017).

37. A.M o l e i r o. Las presidenciales registran la abstención más alta en la historia de Venezuela. El Pais. Madrid. 25.05.2018. — Available at: https://elpais.com/internacional/2018/05/25/america/1527256527_940452.html (accessed 27.05.2018).

38. International Energy Agency. Oil Market Report. 13.09.2018 ― Available at: https://www.iea.org/oilmarketreport/omrpublic (accessed 18.09.2018).

39. J.S p e n c e r. Venezuela’s Oil Meltdown Is Getting Worse. Wall Street Journal. New York. 13.05.2018 ― Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/venezuelas-oil-meltdown-is-gettingworse-1526220000 (accessed 29.09.2018).

40. G.L o n g, J.P.R a t h b o n e. Venezuela creditors eye oil assets in battle over unpaid debt. Financial Times. 16,08.2018. ― Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/df04f4ea-a034-11e8-85da-eeb7a9ce36e4 (accessed 29.08.2018).

41. Venezuela gasoline prices should rise to international levels: Maduro. Reuters. 14.08.2018 ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-pdvsa-crystallex/crystallex-courtwin-against-venezuela-aided-by-finding-on-pdvsa-u-s-court-idUSKBN1KV1ZM (accessed 23.08.2018).

42. Dolar Today. 29.09.2018. — Available at: dolartoday.com (accessed 29.09.2018).

43. V.S e q u e r a, A.B e r w i c k. Some Venezuelans receive new minimum wage, but companies struggle to pay. Reuters.14.09.2018 ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/usvenezuela-economy/some-venezuelans-receive-new-minimum-wage-but-companies-struggle-topay-idUSKCN1LU2NI (accessed 15.09.2018).

44. Venezuela announces easing of currency controls, economists skeptical. Reuters. 8.09.2018 ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-economy/venezuela-announces-easingof-currency-controls-economists-skeptical-idUSKCN1LO0RX (accessed 11.09.2018).

45. Venezuela sold 9,9% of joint venture to China oil firm: Maduro. Reuters.18.09.2 018 ― Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-china/venezuela-sold-9-9-percent-ofjoint-venture-to-china-oil-firm-maduro-idUSKCN1LY2N (accessed 20.09.2018).

46. Nicolás Maduro tries to rescue Venezuela’s economy. The Economist. 23.08.2018 ― Available at: https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2018/08/23/nicolas-maduro-tries-to-rescuevenezuelas-economy (accessed 28.08.2018).

47. Elections a new rupture point in Venezuela crisis. Petroleum economist.16.04.2018 ― Available at: http://www.petroleum-economist.com/articles/politics-economics/south-centralamerica/2018/elections-a-new-rupture-point-in-venezuela-crisis (accessed 17.08.2018).