Romani Groups Migrations and Formation of the Gypsy (Roma) Population in Russian Empire in the 17th – Early 20th Centuries

Affiliation: Institute for the Roma Studies of Europe and Researches Regarding the Crimes against Humanity and Inter-national law
Address: Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Zemun, 10 Atanasija Pulje St.

Journal name

Etnograficheskoe obozrenie

Edition

Pages

83-99

Abstract

The article draws on the author's extensive research to examine the causes and timeframe of appearance in the Russian empire of the largest ethnic groups of Gypsies (Roma) which made up the base for the Gypsies (Roma) population of Russia during the period from the 17th through the early 20th centuries: Servy, Russka Roma, Vlachy, Kishiniovtsy, Krymska Roma, Kelderara, Lovara. I briefly analyze the history of formation of the Roma population of Russia in the context of major developments in the state policy towards the Gypsies, and outline the principal stages of this process. I employ an array of sources ranging from historical, ethnographic, and linguistic findings, archival materials and literature, to census data, legislative acts of the Russian empire, and field research.

Keywords

Gypsies (Roma), Russian Empire, migrations, formation of the Gypsy (Roma) population, state policies, Romani ethnic groups

Received

06.08.2018

Publication date

11.10.2018

Number of characters

668

Cite Download pdf To download PDF you should sign in

GOST	Smirnova-Seslavinskaya M. Romani Groups Migrations and Formation of the Gypsy (Roma) Population in Russian Empire in the 17th – Early 20th Centuries // Etnograficheskoe obozrenie – 2018. – 4 C. 83-99 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://ras.jes.su/ethnorev/s086954150000408-8-1-en (circulation date: 30.11.2023). DOI: 10.31857/S086954150000408-8
MLA	Smirnova-Seslavinskaya, Marianna V "Romani Groups Migrations and Formation of the Gypsy (Roma) Population in Russian Empire in the 17th – Early 20th Centuries." Etnograficheskoe obozrenie 4 (2018):83-99. DOI: 10.31857/S086954150000408-8
APA	Smirnova-Seslavinskaya M. (2018). Romani Groups Migrations and Formation of the Gypsy (Roma) Population in Russian Empire in the 17th – Early 20th Centuries. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie (4), pp.83-99 DOI: 10.31857/S086954150000408-8

Размещенный ниже текст является ознакомительной версией и может не соответствовать печатной

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Achim, V. 1998. The Roma in Romanian Histoiry. Budapest: CEU Press.

2. Andronikova, I.M. 2006. Prilozhenie [Supplement]. In Yazyk tsyganskii ves’ v zagadkakh. Narodnye aforizmy russkikh tsygan iz arkhiva I.M. Andronikovoi [Romani is all Riddles. Folk Aphorisms of Russka Roma from the Archive of I.М. Andronikova], edited by S.V. Kuchepatova, 585–620. St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin.

3. Antsupov, I.A. 2000. Kazachestvo rossiiskoe mezhdu Bugom i Dunaem (istoricheskii ocherk) [Russian Cossacks between the Bug and the Danube (Historical Essay)]. Kishinev: I.P.F. “Tsentral’naia tipografiia”.

4. Bachin’ska, O. 2008. Tsigani-kozaki: perebuvannia tsigan Bessarabії v Dunais’komu kozats’komu vіis’ku [Gypsy Cossacks: The Gypsies stay in Bessarabia in the Danube Cossack Army]. In Naukovi zapiski [Scientific Notes], edited by P. Sokhan’, 15: 16–23. Kiev: Institut ukraїn’skoї arkheografiї ta dzhereloznavstva im. M.S. Grushevs’kogo NAN Ukraїni.

5. Bagalei, D.I. 1887. Ocherki iz istorii kolonizatsii i byta stepnoi okrainy Moskovskogo gosudarstva [Essays from the History of Colonization and Everyday Life of the Steppe Margin of the Moscow State]. Moscow: Universitetskaia tipografiia M. Katkova.

6. Barannikov, A.P. 1934. The Ukrainian and South Russian Gypsy Dialects. Leningrad: Publishing Office of the Academy.

7. Cherenkov, L.N. 2006. Nekotorye problemy izucheniia tsygan Ukrainy [Some Problems of Studying the Roma of Ukraine]. In Kruglii stil “Roma v Ukraпni. Istorichniita etnokul’turnii rozvitok tsigan (roma) Ukraïni (XVI-XX st.)”, 3 listopada 2006 r. [Round Table “Roma in Ukraine. Historical and Ethno-Cultural Development of Gypsies (Roma) of Ukraine (XVI–XX c.)”, November 3, 2006], 114–125. Donetsk: Tovaristvo romiv Donets’koп oblasti’ “Roma-Romen Donbasu”.

8. Cherenkov, L.N. 2008. Tsyganskaia dialektologiia v Ukraine. Istoriia i sovremennoe sostoianie [Romani Dialectology in Ukraine. History and Current Status]. In Naukovi zapiski [Scientific Notes], 15: 489– 503. Kiev: Institut ukraїn’skoї arkheografiї ta dzhereloznavstva im. M.S. Grushevs’kogo NAN Ukraїni.

9. Chernykh, A.V. 2018. Tsygane-kelderary v Rossii vo vtoroi polovine XIX – nachale XX veka [The Kalderash Roma in Russia in the Second Half of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Istoriia 1 (40): 138–148.

10. Denisov, D.N. 2013. Orenburgskie tsygane v 60-e gody XVIII – nachale XX vekov [Orenburg Gypsies in the 60’s of the XVIII - Early XX Centuries]. In Tsygane v orenburgskom sotsiume [Gypsies / Roma in the Orenburgian Society], 44–49. Orenburg: OOO IPK “Universitet”.

11. Diatlov, V. 2000. “Torgovye men’shinstva” zarubezhnogo Vostoka: nekotorye podkhody k izucheniiu etnicheskikh konfliktov v sovremennoi Rossii ["Trade Minorities" of the Foreign East: Some Approaches to the Study of Ethnic Conflict in Modern Russia]. In Etnichnost’ i ekonomika [Ethnicity and Economics], 8: 6–12. St. Petersburg: TsNSI.

12. Ficowski, J. 1985. Cyganie na polskich drogach [Gypsies on Polish Roads]. Cracow: Wydawnictwo literackie.

13. Hayden, B. 1979. The Cultural Ecology of Service Nomads. The Eastern Anthropologist 32 (4): 297–309.

14. Hubshmanova. M. 2003. Ikonomicheska stratifikatsiia i vzaimodeistvie: romite, edna etnicheska strata v iztochna Slovakiia (1984) [Economic Stratification and Interaction: Roma, an Ethnic Stratum in Eastern Slovakia (1984)]. In Tsiganite: Interdistsiplinarna antologiia [Gypsies: International Anthropology], 277–319. B’lgariia: Kralitsa Mab.

15. Kabuzan, V.M. 1974. Narodonaselenie Bessarabskoi oblasti i levoberezhnykh raionov Pridnestrov’ia (konets XVIII – pervaia polovina XIX v.) [Peopling of Novorossia (Ekaterinoslav and Kherson gubernias) in the 18th –First Half of the 19th Century (1719–1858)]. Kishinev: Shtinitsa.

16. Kabuzan, V.M. 1976. Zaselenie Novorossii (Ekaterinoslavskoi i Khersonskoi gubernii) v XVIII – pervoi polovine XIX veka (1719–1858 gg.) [The Population of the Bessarabian Region and the Left-bank Regions of Transnistria (the End of the 18th – the First Half of the 19th c.)]. Moscow: Nauka.

17. Marushiakova, E, and V. Popov. 2007. Studii Romani. Vol. VII. Izbrano [Studii Romani. Vol. VII. Selected Articles]. Sofiia: Paradigma.

18. Marushiakova, E. 2004. Serviznite nomadi na Balkanite [Service Nomads in the Balkans]. In Problemi na suvremennata etnologiia [Problems of Modern Ethnology], edited by N. Velcheva, 322–340. Sofiia: EIM – BAN.

19. Marushiakova, E., and V. Popov. 2006. De l’Est а l’Ouest. Chronologie et typologie des migrations tsiganes en Europe (du XVéme siècle jusqu'à présent) [From the East to the West. Chronology and Typology of the Gypsy Migration in Europe (from the 15th Century up to Present)]. Études tsiganes 27–28: 10–25.

20. Matras, Y. 2002. Romani. A Lingvistic Introdaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

21. Rao, A., ed. 1987. The Other Nomads, Peripatetic Minorities in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Cologne: Böhlau.

22. Sanarov, V.I. 1970. The Siberian Gypsies. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society III (49/3–4): 126–137.

23. Seslavinskaya, M.V. 2012. K istorii “bol’shoi tsyganskoi migratsii” v Rossiiu: sotsiokul’turnaia dinamika malykh grupp v svete materialov etnicheskoi istorii [On the History of the “Great Migration of the Roma” in Russia: Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Small Groups in the Light of the Ethnic History]. Kul’turologicheskii zhurnal 2. http://www.cr-journal.ru/rus/journals/139.html&j_id=10

24. Shaidurov, V. 2017. On the history of the Roma in the Russian empire (second half of the 18th – first quarter of the 19th century). Bylye gody. Rossiiskii istoricheskii zhurnal 46 (4): 1207–1218.

25. Shkunov, V.N. 2010. Tsygane i torgovlia v Rossiiskoi imperii [Gypsies and Trade in the Russian Empire]. Izvestiia Samarskogo nauchnogo tsentra Rossiiskoi akademii nauk 12 (6–1): 11–18.

26. Smirnova-Seslavinskaia, M.V. 2010. Traditsionnaia ekonomika i uklad kak faktory brachnoi politiki i etnosotsial’nykh protsessov u tsygan [Traditional Economy and Lifestyle as Factors of Matrimonial Policy and of Ethno-Social Processes in Rom Groups]. Antropologicheskii forum-Online 13: 55–74. http://anthropologie.kunstkamera.ru/files/pdf/013online/13_online_seslavinskaya.pdf

27. Smirnova-Seslavinskaya, M.V. 2016. Formirovanie “starozhil’cheskogo” tsyganskogo naseleniia i ego integratsiia v soslovnuiu sistemu Rossii v XVII–XVIII vv. [Formation of the “Old” Romani Population and Its Integration in the Russian Class System in the 19–20 Centuries]. In Roma: past, present, future, edited by H. Kyuchukov, E. Marushiakova, and V. Popov, 24–55. Munich: Lincom.

28. Smirnova-Seslavinskaya, M.V. 2016. Migratsii tsygan v iuzhnye regiony Rossiiskoi imperii i Krym, formirovanie obshchnosti krymskikh tsygan [Roma Migration in the Southern Regions of the Russian Empire and Crimea, Formation of the Crimean Roma (Krymy) Community]. Tavricheskii nauchnyi obozrevatel’ 11 (16): 5–41.

29. Solov’ev, S.M. 1896. Istoriia Rossii s drevneishikh vremen [History of Russia since Ancient Times], 4 (16–20). St. Petersburg: Tovarishchestvo “Obshchestvennaia Pol’za”.

30. Tcherenkov L., and St. Laederich. 2004. Rroma. Otherwise Known as Gypsies, Gitanos, Γυφτοι, Ţigani, Cingene, Zigeuner, Bohemiens, Travellers, Fahrende etc. Vol. 1. Basel: Schwabe Verlag.

31. Tcherenkov, L.N. 1969. Brève esquisse sur les Tsiganes en URSS [Brief Sketch on Gypsies in the USSR]. Etudes Tsiganes 3: 11–25.

32. Tenser, A.A. 2012. Report on Romani Dialects in Ukraine: Reconciling Linguistic and Ethnographic Data. Romani Studies 22 (1): 35–49.

33. Toropov, V.G. 2004. Istoriia i fol’klor krymskikh tsygan [History and Folklore of the Crimean Roma]. Moscow: Institut Naslediia.

34. Toropov, V.G. 2010. Crimean Roma. Language and Folklore. Next Page Foundation. Ivanovo: Izdatel’skii tsentr “Yunona”.

35. Tsvetkov, G.N. 2008. Istoriia i sotsial’noe razvitie tsygan-lovaria [History and Social Development of the Roma Lovara]. In Naukovi zapiski [Scientific Notes], 15: 471–488. Kiev: Institut ukraїn’skoї arkheografiї ta dzhereloznavstva im. M.S. Grushevs’kogo NAN Ukraїni.

36. Zaatov, I. 2008. Krymskotatarskie tsygane “chingeneler” glazami puteshestvennikov XVI–XIX vv., v kontekste evoliutsii krymskotatarskoi narodnoi muzyki [The Crimean Tatar Romanies “Chingeneler” in Travellers’ Impressions of the 16th – 19th Centuries in a Context of Crimean Tatar Folk Music Evolution]. In Naukovi zapiski [Scientific Notes], edited by P. Sokhan’, 15: 171–188. Kiїv: Institut ukraїn’skoї arkheografiї ta dzhereloznavstva im. M.S. Grushevs’kogo NAN Ukraїni.

37. Zelenchuk, V.S. 1979. Naselenie Bessarabii i Podnestrov’ia v XIX v. Etnicheskie i sotsial’no-demograficheskie protsessy [The Population of Bessarabia and the Dniester Region in the 19th Century. Ethnic and Socio-Demographic Processes]. Kishinev: Shtinitsa.

38. Zinevich, N. 2009. Institut tsyganskikh korolei v Rechi Pospolitoi (istochniki i istoriografiia) [Institute of Gypsy Kings in Rzeczpospolita (Sources and Historiography)]. In Gistaryiagrafiia krynitsy pa gistory garado pratsesa urbanizatsy Belarusi. Zbornіk navukovykh artykulaў [Historiography Sources on the History of Cities of Belarus Urbanizatsy Process. Collected Articles], 126–138. Grodna: GrDU.