The Venezuelan node in the Latin American policy of Moscow

This article is devoted to the relations between Moscow and Caracas at the period of instability in Venezuela. Author estimates the main spheres of the bilateral cooperation, analyzes their prospects. Despite the hard situation of the Bolivarian government, Moscow continues to provide financial and moral support to the regime of Nicolas Maduro. The possible coming of the opposition to power in Venezuela is able to change the nature of bilateral relations.

Keywords

Russia, Venezuela, Rosneft, the economic crisis, political instability, oil, military-technical cooperation

Received

17.10.2018

Publication date

26.10.2018

Number of characters

412

Cite Download pdf To download PDF you should sign in

GOST	Rozental D. The Venezuelan node in the Latin American policy of Moscow // Latin America – 2018. – Issue 10 C. 49-60 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://latamerica-journal.ru/S0044748X0001040-3-1 (circulation date: 27.04.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0001040-3
MLA	Rozental, Dmitry M "The Venezuelan node in the Latin American policy of Moscow." Latin America 10 (2018):49-60. DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0001040-3
APA	Rozental D. (2018). The Venezuelan node in the Latin American policy of Moscow. Latin America (10), pp.49-60 DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0001040-3

Price publication: 0

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 2103

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. [L.V.Khadorich, V.L.Kheifets. Krizis v Venesuele i regional'naya integratsiya] [The Crisis in Venezuela and the regional integration] Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2017, № 5, t. 61, p. 79.

2. Rasschitano po World Integrated Trade Solution. — Available at: https://wits.worldbank.org/ (accessed 12.12.2017)

3. Available at: http://wits.worldbank.org/ (accessed 12.12.2017)

4. Ibidem.

5. Tamozhennaya statistka vneshnej torgovli Federal'noj tamozhennoj sluzhby [Customs statistics of foreign trade of the Federal Customs Service] — Available at: http://stat.customs.ru/apex/f?p=201:7:355868685962085::NO::: (accessed 12.12.2017)

6. Ibidem.

7. Yu.N i k o l a e v. Rossiya na oruzhejnom rynke Latinskoj Ameriki. — Available at: http://inosmi.ru/world/20140331/219145103.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

8. [Prioritetnye napravleniya razvitiya otnoshenii Rossii s gosudarstvami Latinskoi Ameriki i Karibskogo basseina. Materialy parlamentskikh slushanii (prodolzhenie)] [Priority directions of the evelopment of relations between Russia and the states of Latin America and the Caribbean. Materials of the parliamentary hearings (continued)]. Latinskaya Amerika, 2013, № 12, p. 9.

9. C.E.H e r n á n d e z. Armamento ruso en manos de Venezuela. — Available at: http://www.infodefensa.com/latam/2015/01/26/opinion-armamento-manos-venezuela.php (accessed 12.12.2017).

10. Rogozin nazval datu nachala proizvodstva avtomatov Kalashnikova v Venesuehle. — Available at: http://www.rbc.ru/economics/07/12/2016/58479d2a9a79470a32ccdcd0 (accessed 12.12.2017).

11. V.V o r o n o v. Chaves, prezident netraditsionnykh raschetov. — Available at: https://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/3564/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

12. Venesuehla ne vernula Rossii okolo $950 mln po kreditu. — Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3319152 (accessed 12.12.2017).

13. O podpisanii mezhpravitel'stvennogo rossijsko-venesuehl'skogo protokola. — Available at: https://www.minfin.ru/ru/press-center/printable.php?id_4=34945&print 4=1&area id=4&page_id=2119&popup=Y (accessed 12.06.2018).

14. Mificheskij milliard na avtomatakh Kalashnikova. — Available at: https://ria.ru/society/20170227/1488859548.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

15. A.T r u sh i n. Venesuehla: Neft' i politika. — ITAR–TASS. Kompas № 28, 14.VII.2005, c. 48 [A.Trushin. Venesuela: Neft' i politika] [Venezuela: the oil and the policy]. ITAR–TASS. Kompas № 28, 14.VII.2005, s. 48.

16. T.W.O'D o n n e l l. Russia is Beating China to Venezuela's Oil Fields. — Available at: http://www.americasquarterly.org/content/russia-beating-china-venezuelas-oil-fields (accessed 12.12.2017)

17. [D.M.Rozential'. Drakon nad Karakasom. Kitajsko-venesujels'kie otnoshenija v nachale XXI veka] [The Dragon over Caracas. Relations between China and Venezuela in the beginning of the XXI century] Latinskaja Amerika, 2016, № 3, p. 39–50.

18. «Rosneft'» i PDVSA rasshiryayut strategicheskoe sotrudnichestvo. Press-reliz kompanii «Rosneft'». — Available at: https://www.rosneft.ru/press/releases/item/183107/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

19. Venesuehla ischet vozmozhnosti dlya vozobnovleniya atomnogo sotrudnichestva s Rossiej. — Available at: http://www.atomic-energy.ru/news/2014/07/29/50567 (accessed 12.12.2017).

20. Maduro y Putin acordaron fortalecer “relación estratégica”. — Available at: http://noticiaaldia.com/2017/05/maduro-y-putin-acordaron-fortalecer-relacion-estrategica/ (accessed 12.12.2017); Lavrov: Rossiya namerena razvivat' strategicheskoe partnerstvo s Vene- suehloj. — Available at: http://tass.ru/politika/1998376 (accessed 12.12.2017).

21. [Je.S.Dabagjan. Rossijsko- latinoamerikanskie otnoshenija na sovremennom jetape] [Russian-Latin American relations at the present stage]. Mirovaja jekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, 2011, № 12, p. 96.

22. [V.M.Davydov. Strategicheskoe partnerstvo v kontekste rossiisko-latinoamerikanskikh otnoshenii] [Strategic partnership in the context of Russian-Latin American relations] Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2016, t. 86, № 4, p. 307.

23. Chaves: u Belarusi 200 let ne budet problem s neft'yu. — Available at: http://www.newsland.ru/news/detail/id/572686/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

24. [L.S.Hejfec, D.M.Rozental'. Kredity na doverii: razmyshlenija o venesujel'skoj politike Moskvy] [The Unsecured Loans: some Reflections about the Russian Policy in Venezuela]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Politologija. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija. 2015, № 3, p. 152.

25. Eh.S.D a b a g ya n. Op. cit., p. 95.

26. J.K e a t i n g. Who’s on Team Putin? — Available at: http://www.slate.com/ blogs/the_world_/2014/03/20/the_small_group_of_countries_supporting_russia_s_position_in_ukraine_venezuela.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

27. Venezuela se enfrenta al aumento de homicidios en 2017. — Available at: https://es.insightcrime.org/noticias/noticias-del-dia/venezuela-se-enfrenta-al-aumento-dehomicidios- en-el-2017/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

28. Corruption by country, Venezuela. — Available at: https://www.transparency.org/country/ VEN (accessed 26.10.2017).

29. E.S c h a r f e n b e r g. Las elecciones locales de Venezuela abren la puerta a la reconfiguración de la crisis política. — Available at: https://elpais.com/internacional/ 2017/10/07/actualidad/1507412452_739583.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

30. Carta de Leopoldo López a los venezolanos. — Available at: http://www.leopoldolopez. com/carta-de-leopoldo-lopez-a-los-venezolanos-2/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

31. Vladimir's Venezuela. — Available at: http://fingfx.thomsonreuters.com/gfx/rngs/ VENEZUELA-RUSSIA-OIL/010050DS0W3/index.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

32. Comisión de Política Exterior revisará todos los convenios internacionales. — Available at: http://www.asambleanacional.gob.ve/noticias/_comisin-de-poltica-exterior-revisar-todos-losconvenios- internacionales (accessed 12.06.2018).

33. Posol RF v Venesuehle: ehvakuatsii semej sotrudnikov «Rosnefti» ne budet. — Available at: https://ria.ru/world/20151208/1338383689.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

34. Slegka pod dulom. Venesuehla na puti ot razvitogo sotsializma k voennomu kommunizmu. — Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2349370 (accessed 12.12.2017).

35. Maduro asegura haber reducido la pobreza en Venezuela. — Available at: http://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/nicolasmaduro-discurso-venezuela-pobreza-crisis.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

36. Maduro critica a Trump por no asistir a la Cumbre de las Américas. — Available at: http://www.elnuevoherald.com/noticias/mundo/america-latina/venezuela-es/article208573699.html (accessed 12.06.2018).

37. [V.L.Semenov. Venesuela: krizis prodolzhaetsya] [Venezuela: the crisis continues] p. 155. Ezhegodnik «Zapad–Vostok–Rossiya–2016» pod red. D.B.Malyshevoi, V.G.Khorosa. M.: IMEMO RAN, 2017, p. 155.

38. P.G i l l e s p i e. China is cutting off cash to Venezuela. — Available at: http://money.cnn.com/2016/09/30/news/economy/china-venezuela-finance/index.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

39. Declaración del Grupo de Lima 21 de mayo de 2018. Available at: https://www.peruoea.org/declaracion-del-grupo-de-lima/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

40. Rusia suplirá a Cuba vacío petrolero de Venezuela. — Available at: http://www.elnacional. com/noticias/mundo/rusia-suplira-cuba-vacio-petrolero-venezuela_180577 (accessed 12.12.2017).

41. Rusia envía petróleo a Cuba para cubrir vacío dejado por Venezuela. — Available at: https://www.cibercuba.com/noticias/2017-05-04-u1-e186450-rusia-envia-petroleo-cuba-cubrirvacio- dejado-venezuela (accessed 12.12.2017).

42. The letter to Stiven T. Mnuchin. — The US Secretary of Treasury. — Available at: http://jeffduncan.house.gov/sites/jeffduncan.house.gov/files/documents/Duncan-Sires%20 PDVSA-Rosneft-Citgo%20Letter%20%284.6.17%29.pdf (accessed 12.12.2017).

43. Poder Electoral acata medidas cautelares ordenadas por tribunales de la República. — Available at: http://www.cne.gov.ve/web/sala_prensa/noticia_detallada.php?id=3483 (accessed 12.12.2017).

44. Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. — Available at: http://www4.cne.gob.ve/web/normativa_electoral/constitucion/indice.php (accessed 12.06.2018).

45. Zayavlenie MID Rossii o situatsii v Venesuehle. — Available at: http://www.mid.ru/ru/ maps/ve/-/asset_publisher/xF355DHtiSes/content/id/2606976 (accessed 12.12.2017).

46. AN aprobó acuerdo en rechazó al comunicado “injerencista” de Rusia. — Available at: http://www.el-nacional.com/noticias/asamblea-nacional/aprobo-acuerdo-rechazo-comunicadoinjerencista- rusia_77679 (accessed 12.06.2018).

47. Vystuplenie i otvety na voprosy SMI Ministra inostrannykh del Rossii S.V.Lavrova v khode sovmestnoj press-konferentsii po itogam peregovorov s Ministrom inostrannykh del Venesuehly D.Rodriges, Moskva, 6 fevralya 2017 goda. — Available at: http://www.mid.ru/ru/maps/ve/-/asset_publisher/xF355DHtiSes/content/id/2628191 (accessed 12.12.2017).

48. Rossijskij posol schitaet, chto Kreml' ne vmeshivaetsya v dela Venesuehly. — Available at: https://ria.ru/world/20170127/1486588051.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

49. Rusia llama a respetar resultado de la ANC en Venezuela. — Available at: https://www.telesurtv.net/news/Rusia-llama-a-respetar-resultado-de-la-ANC-en-Venezuela- 20170731-0032.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

50. Qué papel pueden jugar Rusia, China e India en la crisis de Venezuela. — Available at: http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-40785546 (accessed 12.12.2017).

51. El mundo reacciona a la Asamblea Constituyente de Venezuela. — Available at: http://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2017/07/30/reaccion-internacional-asamblea-constituyente-venezuela/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

52. Cámara rechaza aumento de acciones de Rosneft en filial petrolera venezolana. — Available at: http://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20170209/414192867374/camara-rechaza-aumento-deacciones- de-rosneft-en-filial-petrolera-venezolana.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

53. Zayavlenie kompanii «Rosneft'» o priobretenii dopolnitel'noj doli v sovmestnom predpriyatii s PDVSA Petromonagas. — Available at: https://www.rosneft.ru/ press/news/item/185639/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

54. Verkhovnyj sud vzyal na sebya polnomochiya parlamenta. — Available at: http://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/4140339 (accessed 12.12.2017).

55. R.R o m o. Venezuela's high court dissolves National Assembly. — Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/30/americas/venezuela-dissolves-national-assembly/ (accessed 12.12.2017).

56. [A.N. P ya t a k o v Pereizbranie prezidenta: paralleli, paradoksy, perspektivy] [President's re-election: parallels, paradoxes, prospects]. Latinskaja Amerika, 2018, № 8, p. 6.

57. Standard & Poor’s declara a Venezuela en default por incumplimiento de pago de bonos. — Available at: http://runrun.es/nacional/333890/standard-poors-declara-a-venezuela-en-default-porincumplimiento- de-pago-de-bonos.html (accessed 12.12.2017).

58. E.P e d a n o v. Venesuehl'skij krizis: razvitie i perspektivy. Interv'yu s rukovoditelem Tsentra politicheskikh issledovanij Instituta Latinskoj Ameriki RAN Z.V.Ivanovskim. — Available at: https://interaffairs.ru/news/show/18479 (accessed 12.12.2017).

59. «Rosneft'» odolzhila Venesuehle $6 mlrd [«Rosneft'» odolzhila Venesuele $6 mlrd [Rosneft lent to Venezuela 6 billion dollars]. — Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2017/08/08/728511-rosneft-odolzhila (accessed 12.12.2017).

60. Trigo ruso llegará a Venezuela en agosto. — Available at: http://globovision.com/ article/trigo-ruso-llegara-a-venezuela-en-agosto(accessed 12.12.2017).

61. Lavrov: Rossiya schitaet, chto pravitel'stvo Venesuehly gotovo k dialogu s oppozitsiej. — Available at: http://tass.ru/politika/4586110 (accessed 12.12.2017).

62. H.M e y e r, S.K r a v c h e n k o, A.R o s a t i. Venezuelan Opposition Chief Says Maduro May Block His Visit to Russia. — Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017- 10-13/venezuela-opposition-chief-says-maduro-may-block-visit-to-russia (accessed 12.12.2017).

63. Na spasenie Venesuehly mozhet potrebovat'sya $30 mlrd – ezhegodno. — Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/articles/2017/10/16/738023-spasenie-venesueli-30- ezhegodno (accessed 12.12.2017).