Below is the first part of the interview-debate between the linguist and social scientist Noam Chomsky, one of the most important intellectuals of the last century worldwide, the Chilean social researcher and reference of the Marxist-collapsist current Miguel Fuentes and the American scientist Guy McPherson, a specialist in ecological crisis and climate change. One of the most notable elements of this debate is the exposition of three perspectives that, although complementary in many aspects and framed in the field of progressive and leftist positions, offer three differentiated theoretical and political-programmatic approaches to the same problem: the imminence of a horizon of super-catastrophic climate change and the possibility of a nearby civilizational collapse. Another noteworthy element of this debate is the serie of challenges and interpretive challenges to which Chomsky's positions are exposed, from here this discussion acquires the character of a true "ideological contest" between certain perspectives of the world that, although as we say common in many respects, they would present themselves as ultimately opposed. In a certain sense, this debate seems to take us back, in the field of reflection on the ecological catastrophe and the advance of the current process of planetary mass extinction, to the old debates of the 20th century left around the dilemma between reform or revolution, something undoubtedly necessary in the field of contemporary discussions of political ecology.