Policies for children and the elderly people in the aging Chile and Uruguay

The article discusses the main approaches of social policy aimed at supporting, on the one hand, motherhood and childhood, on the other – people of retirement age in Chile and Uruguay, the goals, objectives and results of the main state programs. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the main demographic trends and the selection of priorities for a social strategy that focuses, in relation to children, not on narrow demographic solutions, but on the development of human potential, support for early childhood, overcoming social inequality and creating a comfortable infrastructure and "receiving" environment. For the elderly, the most urgent task is to create adequate pension systems, as well as to extend the period of professional and life activity of pensioners, and to focus on investments in the quality of human capital at all stages of life. With a focus on European countries, Chile and Uruguay are at the very beginning of forming appropriate public policies, but choosing the most socially-oriented option for the benefit of the entire society can lead to more effective economic development, even in adverse demographic conditions.

Keywords

Chile, Uruguay, social policy, demographic processes, aging, birth rate, pension systems, human capital

Received

27.07.2020

Publication date

30.10.2020

Number of characters

37094

Cite

GOST	Diakova L. Policies for children and the elderly people in the "aging" Chile and Uruguay // Latin America – 2020. – Issue 11 C. 6-19 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://latamerica-journal.ru/S0044748X0011908-7-1 (circulation date: 11.10.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0011908-7
MLA	Diakova, Ludmila "Policies for children and the elderly people in the "aging" Chile and Uruguay." Latin America 11 (2020):6-19. DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0011908-7
APA	Diakova L. (2020). Policies for children and the elderly people in the "aging" Chile and Uruguay. Latin America (11), pp.6-19 DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X0011908-7

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 1, views: 626

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. CEPAL. Panorama social de América Latina, 2017. Santiago de Chile, 2018, 205 p.

2. Human Development Report – 2019. New York, 2019. Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf (accessed 13.01.2020).

3. Apella I., Packard T., Joubert C., Zumaeta M. Retos y Oportunidades del Envejecimiento en Chile. Santiago de Chile: Banco Mundial, 2019, 208 p.

4. López, P.O. Increase in Preterm Birth during Demografic Transition in Chile from 1991 to 2012. // BioMed Research International. Hindawi, 2015, vol 2015:845968. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4564627/ (accessed 29.03.2020). Doi:10.1155/2015/845968.

5. En Chile hay más de 5 millones de millennials, la generación más numerosa del país. Available at: https://www.latercera.com/tendencias/noticia/chile-mas-5-millones-millennials-la-generacion-mas-numerosa-del-pais/55607/ (accessed 24.03.2020).

6. Milman H.M, Castillo C.A, Sansotta A.T, Delpiano P.V, Murray J. Scaling up an early childhood development programme through a national multisectoral approach to social protection: lessons from Chile Crece Contigo. // BMJ. 2018, № 7. Doi:10.1136/bmj.k4513.

7. Programa de Apoyo a Recién Nacido. Informe Glosa – 04. Año 2018. Available at: https://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Glosa-4_PARN_2018.pdf. (accessed 30.03.2020).

8. Instituto de Previsión Social. Bono por hijo. Available at: https://www.ips.gob.cl/servlet/internet/content/1421810832523/bono-por-hijo (accessed 15.04.2020).

9. Instituto de Previsión Social. Asignación Maternal. Available at: https://www.ips.gob.cl/servlet/internet/content/1421810828994/asignacion-maternal (accessed 15.04.2020).

10. Presidente Piñera anuncia incentivo a la natalidad. Available at: https://www.latercera.com/nacional/noticia/presidente-pinera-anuncia-incentivo-la-natalidad/366464/ (accessed 20.04.2020).

11. Hacia una Estrategia Nacional de Desarrollo, Uruguay-2050. Escenarios demográficos. Uruguay-2050. Montevideo: Oficina de Planeamiento y Presupuesto, 2018, 50 p.

12. Uruguay y su gran desafío: "Somos viejos, somos pocos y serémos menos". Available at: https://ecos.la/UY/13/Sociedad/2018/07/02/24672/uruguay-y-su-gran-desafio-somos-viejos-somos-pocos-y-seremos-menos/ (accessed 24.04.2020).

13. Gobierno de Uruguay. Asignación Familiar. Available at: www.gub.uy. (accessed 20.05.2020).

14. Oficina de Planeamiento y Presupuesto destacó valor de cuidados en la natalidad. Available at: http://presidencia.gub.uy/comunicacion/comunicacionnoticias/jeronimo-roca-opp-disminucion-fecundidad (accessed 23.04.2020).

15. Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. Primera infancia. Available at: https://www.gub.uy/ministerio-desarrollo-social/tematica/primera-infancia (accessed 23.04.2020).

16. ¿En qué va la tramitación del proyecto de reforma a las pensiones? Available at: https://www.senado.cl/en-que-va-la-tramitacion-del-proyecto-de-reforma-a-las-pensiones/sena-do/2020-03-13/143232.html (accessed 24.04.2020).

17. Gobierno de Chile. Nueva Agenda Social. Reformas sociales. Available at: https://www.gob.cl/agendasocial/reformas-sociales/ (accessed 06.04.2020).

18. Instituto de Seguridad Social. Jubilaciones. Available at: https://www.bps.gub.uy/3498/jubilaciones.html (accessed 20.05.2020).

19. CEPAL. Estrategia Regional de implementación para América Latina y el Caribe del Plan Internacional de Madrid sobre el Envejecimiento. Available at: https://www.cepal.org/es/publicaciones/2786-estrategia-regional-implementacion-america-latina-caribe-plan-accion (accessed 20.05.2020).

20. Pugliese L. El Envejecimiento Activo, Aproximaciones Conceptuales y Ejemplos de Programas que lo promueven. Available at: https://www.bps.gub.uy/bps/file/8189/1/44._el_envejecimiento_activo_aproximaciones_conceptuales_y_ejemplos_de_programas_que_lo_promuevan._pugliese.pdf (accessed 19.05.2010).

21. Ermol'eva Eh.G Sotsial'noe gosudarstvo v usloviyakh «novoj normal'nosti»: kharakteristiki evropejskoj i latinoamerikanskoj situatsij. Aktual'nye problemy Evropy. M., 2018, № 3, ss. 85-112.