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The Court of dishonor is the legal basis of the estate stratification of medieval Russian society of the XI – XVII centuries.
 
PIIS160565900028253-2-1
DOI10.61205/S160565900028253-2
Publication type Article
Status Approved
Authors
Ivan Voronin 
Occupation: Associate Professor
Affiliation: Associate Professor Theory and History of State and Law Department, Far Eastern State Transport University (FESTU)
Address: Khabarovsk, Serwsheva, str. 47
Abstract

The protection of the honor and dignity of the individual throughout the development of society and the state is an important legal institution. Researchers of this topic distinguish its constitutional, civil and criminal aspects. Moreover, the main accents in the protection of honor belong to criminal law, partly to civil law and only to a small extent to constitutional law. This is due to the fact that earlier the person himself (personality) was identified with his status in the hierarchy of positions and titles. The more prominent and significant a person's position in society was, the more important it was to protect his status as a representative of a certain class and the place in the hierarchy that he occupies in it. Thus, the priority of the medieval Russian state was given not to the protection of a person, but to the protection of his legal status. Such protection was possessed by the "court of dishonor", enshrined in the legal acts of that time. The term "court" is used in the connotation of determining the degree of violation of the status of a representative of a certain class, i.e. the level of dishonor, and not as a specific place where justice is administered.

Our task is to consider the protection of honor and dignity from the point of view of the status of an individual – state-legal or constitutional, as well as to determine the types of dishonor: simple and parochial.

In the study of the problem of class stratification of medieval Russian society of the XI – XVII centuries, the author used the following methods: concrete-historical, formal-legal and comparative-legal.

The dishonesty Court determined the degree of legal protection of an individual depending on his belonging to a certain class. It reflected the class structure of the population of Moscow Russia. In principle, the medieval legal institution of the "court of dishonor" in the sectoral plan is not only a criminal or procedural legal concept, but also refers to state (in modern terminology constitutional) law, because it protects the rights of the individual, individual class institutions (the tsar and the church) and the state as a whole.

Keywordscourt of dishonor, mestnichestvo, social contract, dishonor, dishonor of church servants, obida, class stratification.
Received24.10.2023
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