Classification of force majeure circumstances in civil law in the digital society period

Occupation: Postgraduate student
Affiliation: The Institute of legislation and comparative law under the Goverment of the Russian Federation
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Journal name

Journal of Russian Law

Edition

Abstract

The problem set in the present research, has been studied little, although, seems, it could, with proper and comprehensive consideration, bring not only theoretical, but also practical benefits. Thus, the issue of classifying circumstances that exclude liability in civil circulation remains practically unexplored. Although, given the transition of humankind into the era of the information society, the expansion of its capabilities, this can not only be done, but must. Thus, human has already learned to subjugate some natural phenomena and had a direct impact on them, as a result, many natural events today have become foreseen and predicted. However, in practice, difficulties arise: in the absence of a clear definition of the concept of "insurmountable force," as well as a harmonious classification picture, it is not possible to formulate a clause on circumstances that exclude liability in a proper way and avoid forced violation of the existing legislation.

The purpose of this research is an attempt to consider the issue of classification of force majeure circumstances, as well as to develop own classification of force majeure circumstances. The main objectives of this research are to consider the classifications of force majeure circumstances developed in civil jurisprudence.

In the course of this research, the author used the methods of analogy, concretization, comparison, analysis, observation.

This research prompted the following conclusions: the issue of classifying superior force does not seem to have a paramount importance for civil law, however, it seems that the development of this issue in practice could facilitate the formation of a superior force clause in contractual obligations, and, as a result, might simplify legal proceedings in the field of circumstances precluding liability and also assist in the development of a legal definition of superior force.

Keywords

force majeure, force majeure circumstances, civil law, digitalization, classification, digital society.

Received

30.06.2023

Publication date

13.12.2023

Cite

GOST	Smirnova M. Classification of force majeure circumstances in civil law in the digital society period // Journal of Russian Law – 2023. – Articles_JRP_2023-2024 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://jrp.jes.su/S160565900026461-1-1 (circulation date: 05.07.2024). DOI: 10.12737/S160565900026461-1
MLA	Smirnova, Marina "Classification of force majeure circumstances in civil law in the digital society period." Journal of Russian Law 0 (2023) DOI: 10.12737/S160565900026461-1
APA	Smirnova M. (2023). Classification of force majeure circumstances in civil law in the digital society period. Journal of Russian Law (0) DOI: 10.12737/S160565900026461-1

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Grazhdanskij kodeks Frantsii, 1804 (s izmeneniyami ot 10.02.2016) // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

2. Taylor v. Caldwell [1863] 3 B & S 826;

3. Nichols v Marsland [1876] UKLawRpExch 80; (1876-1877) 2 ExD 1 (1 December 1876)// >>>> ;

4. Germanskoe Grazhdanskoe Ulozhenie, 1900 // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

5. Tennants (Lancashire) Ltd v G.S. Wilson & Co. Ltd [1917] AC 495// >>>> ;

6. Lebeaupin v Crispin [1920] 2 KB 714// >>>> ;

7. Leonhard F. Hohere Gewalt //Festschrift fur Professor Trager. Berlin, 1926. S. 27;

8. Agarkov M.M. K voprosu o dogovornoj otvetstvennosti. – Voprosy sovetskogo grazhdanskogo prava/ M. 1945, S. 121;

9. Davis Contractors v Fareham Urban District Counsel UDC [1956] AC 696.// >>>> ;

10. ArbG Hamburg vom 3.05.1962 //Monatsschrift des deutschen Rechts. 1963. S. 254;

11. Grazhdanskij kodeks RSFSR, 1964g. // SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

12. Nicholas “Rules and Terms - Civil Law and Common Law” (1974) 48 Tul L R 956;

13. Pavlodskij E.A. Sluchaj i nepreodolimaya sila v grazhdanskom prave. M., 1978. S. 75;

14. «Konventsiya Organizatsii Ob'edinennykh Natsij o dogovorakh mezhdunarodnoj kupli-prodazhi tovarov»(Zaklyuchena v g. Vene 11.04.1980)// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

15. Channel Island Ferries Ltd v Sealink UK Ltd [1988] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 323;

16. Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federatsii (chast' pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (red. ot 25.02.2022) (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.09.2022)// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

17. Federal'nyj zakon ot 21.12.1994 № 68-FZ (red. ot 04.11.2022) «O zaschite naseleniya i territorij ot chrezvychajnykh situatsij prirodnogo i tekhnogennogo kharaktera»// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

18. Nalogovyj kodeks Rossijskoj Federatsii (chast' vtoraya) ot 05.08.2000 N 117-FZ (red. ot 21.11.2022) (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 04.12.2022)// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

19. Trudovoj kodeks Rossijskoj Federatsii ot 30.12.2001 N 197-FZ (red. ot 04.11.2022)// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

20. Kodeks Rossijskoj Federatsii ob administrativnykh pravonarusheniyakh ot 30.12.2001 N 195-FZ (red. ot 05.12.2022)// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

21. The Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), 2002// >>>> - ofitsial'nyj sajt Komissii po evropejskomu dogovornomu pravu;

22. Ioffe O.S. Izbrannye trudy: V 4 t. Pravootnoshenie po sovetskomu grazhdanskomu pravu. Otvetstvennost' po sovetskomu grazhdanskomu pravu. SPb., 2003. T. 1. S. 430;

23. Korshunova N.P. Nepreodolimaya sila: novyj vzglyad na staruyu problemu/ Zhurnal rossijskogo prava/ №3 – 2008. S. 89-90;

24. Ordonans № 2016-131 ot 10.02.2016// https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGITEXT000006070721#/ ;

25. Ivanova S.N. «Klassifikatsii obstoyatel'stv nepreodolimoj sily», Biznes v zakone, fevral' 2008;

26. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva RF ot 22.11.2012 № 1211 (red. ot 15.10.2022) «O vedenii reestra nedobrosovestnykh postavschikov, predusmotrennogo Federal'nym zakonom «O zakupkakh tovarov, rabot, uslug otdel'nymi vidami yuridicheskikh lits» (vmeste s «Pravilami napravleniya zakazchikami svedenij o nedobrosovestnykh uchastnikakh zakupki i postavschikakh (ispolnitelyakh, podryadchikakh) v federal'nyj organ ispolnitel'noj vlasti, upolnomochennyj na vedenie reestra nedobrosovestnykh postavschikov», «Pravilami vedeniya reestra nedobrosovestnykh postavschikov», «Trebovaniyami k tekhnologicheskim, programmnym, lingvisticheskim, pravovym i organizatsionnym sredstvam obespecheniya vedeniya reestra nedobrosovestnykh postavschikov»)// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

27. Printsipy mezhdunarodnykh kommercheskikh dogovorov UNIDRUA 2010 / per. A.S. Komarova. M., 2013. S. 242–245;

28. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo Suda RF ot 24.03.2016 № 7 (red. ot 22.06.2021) «O primenenii sudami nekotorykh polozhenij Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossijskoj Federatsii ob otvetstvennosti za narushenie obyazatel'stv»// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

29. UNIDROIT principles of international commercial contracts (2016)// >>>> - ofitsial'nyj sajt UNIDRUA;

30. Chukreev A.A. Doktrina frustratsii v anglijskom dogovornom prave// Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshej shkoly ehkonomiki. 2017. № 4. S. 188–201, S. 199;

31. Tamozhennyj kodeks Evrazijskogo ehkonomicheskogo soyuza (red. ot 29.05.2019)// SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

32. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 25.03.2020 № 206 «Ob ob'yavlenii v Rossijskoj Federatsii nerabochikh dnej» / SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

33. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 02.04.2020 № 239 «O merakh po obespecheniyu sanitarno-ehpidemiologicheskogo blagopoluchiya naseleniya na territorii Rossijskoj Federatsii v svyazi s rasprostraneniem novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19)» / SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

34. «Obzor po otdel'nym voprosam sudebnoj praktiki, svyazannym s primeneniem zakonodatel'stva i mer po protivodejstviyu rasprostraneniyu na territorii Rossijskoj Federatsii novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19) № 1» (utv. Prezidiumom Verkhovnogo Suda RF 21.04.2020)/ SPS Konsul'tant Plyus;

35. Sinitsyn S.A. Nepreodolimaya sila v obyazatel'stve//Problemy osuschestvleniya i zaschity grazhdanskikh prav: Sbornik statej k 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya professora V.P. Gribanova / otv. red. E. A. Sukhanov i A. E. Sherstobitov; Moskovskij gos. un-t im. M.V. Lomonosova, yurid. fak., kafedra grazhdanskogo prava. – Moskva: Statut, 2021. S. 120, S. 109;

36. Belyaeva O.A. Fors-mazhor – ehto vsegda otsenochnaya kategoriya. Kapital strany federal'noe internet-izdanie// 2022 >>>>