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Space Experiment «Convergence»: Scientifi c Objectives, On-Board Equipment, Methods of Reverse Problems
 
PIIS020596140002356-2-1
DOI10.31857/S020596140002356-2
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
E. Sharkov 
Affiliation: Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation
A. Kuzmin
Affiliation: Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation
S. Jeong
Affiliation: Sangukwon University
Address: Korea, Republic of
Journal nameIssledovanie Zemli iz kosmosa
EditionIssue 4
Pages71-96
Abstract

The purpose of this work is to acquaint the broad scientifi c community in detail with the proposed space mission “Convergence” on the Russian segment of the International Space Station. The principal feature of the mission is, fi rstly, the necessity to create a new type of multifrequency radio-thermal airborne complexes with a specialized set of operating frequencies and the formation of algorithms and PAO for the threedimensional recovery of the water vapor fi eld in the lower troposphere and for estimating the horizontal advection and convective latent heat fl uxes at various altitudes and with diff erent forms of the boundaries of the investigated regions. Secondly, an important part of the mission is the global monitoring of optical transient activity, including lightning in cloud tropospheric systems and electrical discharges in the upper atmosphere, accompanied by a variety of short-term optical glows, commonly referred to as transient luminous events. A signifi cant contribution to the elucidation of physics and the development of models of high-altitude electric discharges is the synchronous operation of the lightning detector and the gamma detector to search for and study gamma-ray bursts of terrestrial origin, including, in the previously unexplored latitudes, up to ±51.

It seems that the proposed instrumental confi guration and mission compprehension, which includes the synchronous operation of devices of diff erent ranges of electromagnetic radiation such as the microwave range, optical range and gamma range, will make a signifi cant contribution to the elucidation of the physics of interaction processes of catastrophic atmospheric phenomena of the hydrodynamic type – tropical cyclones – with the electrical activity of tropospheric cloud systems (the fi eld of lightning discharges) and the activity of high-altitude electric discharges which, in turn, can serve as a serious experimental basis for the formation of physical ideas about the genesis of gamma-ray outbreaks of terrestrial origin.

Keywordssatellite microwave remote sensing, integral vapor content of the atmosphere, spatio-temporal interpolation, satellite radio-thermal imaging, speed and directions of surface wind, lightning activity, terrestrial gamma-ray fl ashes
AcknowledgmentStudies of the transfer of latent heat in the Earth’s atmosphere according to satellite radio thermal data, the development of the technological image of MIRS space equipment were carried out as part of the state assignment on Monitoring (State Registration No. 01.20.2.00164); The solution of the fundamental problem of creating a new differential method for measuring the concentration profile of water vapor in the Earth's troposphere based on a multichannel space radiometer with extreme characteristics was carried out within the framework of the RFBR grant No. 18-02-01009.
Received22.12.2018
Publication date22.12.2018
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