The article continues the series with a publication on science diplomacy — a phenomenon that in recent years has gone beyond the usual international cooperation of scientists, turning into an independent scientific discipline with its own methodology and unique approaches inherent in it. Science diplomacy plays a special role in crisis moments of history, including at the present stage of development of international relations, when a new, multipolar world order is being formed. Representatives of scientific diplomacy today are faced with the task of discussing not only the meaning and content of the new multipolar world, but also the mechanisms and methods of its implementation and recognition by the majority of humanity. In this process, an important place belongs to the formation of the very concept of a new multipolar world, its discussion and approval by a variety of social forces and associations. Speaking about the contribution of science diplomacy to this process, it is necessary to emphasize the need to intensify joint actions of the global expert community. Russia plays one of the main roles in this process.