Museumification of Places of Memory in Iberoamerica

In terms of a strict museological point of view, museumification is a complex process involving the transformation of cultural and natural heritage into museum objects with the aim of maximizing their preservation, revealing their historical, cultural, scientific, artistic value, and for their promotion. Since the 1990s, the concept of “memorial culture” has been established in scientific and journalistic discourses, and new museum institutions have begun to open — museums of memory, which, unlike classical historical museums, interpretate a difficult past, focusing on victims. Undoubtedly, the focus of memorial culture is also on Iberoamerican issues, in particular the memory of the Spanish Civil War, and of the countries of the Southern Cone — Argentina, Uruguay, Chile — there was an increase in attention to commemorative practices, which was caused by the end of the period of rule of authoritarian regimes, the cessation of some armed conflicts or the achievement of a state by society when it needed in reflection on the protracted painful and bloody processes. The problems of generational change in the commemoration are connected with a double generational change: firstly, a short historical era of living witnesses of the tragic events of the mid-20th century. firstly, a generation of direct witnesses of the events to which memory projects are dedicated will inevitably leave soon, and, secondly, generations who do not have their own memories of the relevant events have reached working age. events and personalities. The attitude to death and human sacrifice in memorial culture is connected with the recognition of places of memory. The museumification of the Spanish Civil War is considered on the example of the Federico Garcia Lorca Foundation and Center, the Cuelgamuros Valley (formerly the “Valley of the Fallen”) and the commemorations of the bombing of Guernica. Among the museum initiatives and commemorative institutions in the countries of the Southern Cone, the Naval Mechanics School (ESMA) in Buenos Aires, the Museum of Memory (MUME) in Montevideo, the Villa Grimaldi Memorial Park in Santiago are considered. The analysis of commemorative initiatives in Iberoamerica has shown the success of tangible, intangible and combined projects in the field of memory, assessed by how effective they are in terms of creating affect, mobilizing society and updating the relevant narrative.

Keywords

memorial culture, commemoration, places of memory, museums of memory, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile

Received

02.07.2023

Publication date

26.10.2023

Number of characters

43216

Cite

GOST	Koroleva A., Kraev O. Museumification of Places of Memory in Iberoamerica // ISTORIYA – 2023. – V. 14. – Issue 9 (131) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840028239-1-1 (circulation date: 04.05.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840028239-1
MLA	Koroleva, Alina, Kraev, Oleg "Museumification of Places of Memory in Iberoamerica." ISTORIYA 14.9 (131) (2023) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840028239-1
APA	Koroleva A., Kraev O. (2023). Museumification of Places of Memory in Iberoamerica. ISTORIYA 14(9 (131)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840028239-1

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 1, views: 50

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Assman A. Dlinnaya ten' proshlogo. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2023.

2. Assman A. Novoe nedovol'stvo memorial'noj kul'turoj. M: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2023.

3. Blokland T. Soobschestvo kak gorodskaya praktika. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2023.

4. Grantseva E. O. «Uzhasy vojny» v kontekste transformatsij izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva KhKh v. Kontsept: filosofiya, religiya, kul'tura. 2020. T. 4. № 4. S. 147—157. DOI: 10.24833/2541-8831-2020-4-16-147-157.

5. Grantseva E. O. Zakon o demokraticheskoj pamyati v Ispanii: popytka konsolidatsii ili novaya faza konflikta? // Latinoamerikanskij istoricheskij al'manakh. 2022. № 36. S. 76—111. DOI: 10.32608/2305-8773-2022-36-1-76-111.

6. Grantseva E. O. Ideologiya, zapechatlennaya v arkhitekture. «Dolina pavshikh» i drugie proekty frankistskoj ehpokhi // Latinoamerikanskij istoricheskij al'manakh. 2019. № 24. S. 112—113. DOI: 10.32608/2305-8773-2019-24-1-105-122.

7. Zaburdaeva E. V. Analiz sotsiokul'turnykh osobennostej pokoleniya millenialov v Rossii. Kontsept: filosofiya, religiya, kul'tura. 2020. T. 4. № 4. S. 122—134. DOI: 10.24833/2541-8831-2020-4-16-122-134.

8. Ivanov N. S. «Autogol'pe» 1973 g. v Urugvae i sud'ba pravogo avtoritarnogo rezhima Kh. M. Bordaberri // Latinoamerikanskij istoricheskikh al'manakh. 2019. № 24. S. 139—160. DOI: 10.32608/2305-8773-2019-24-1-139-160.

9. Koroleva A. A. K voprosu o kul'turnoj identichnosti Ispanii: duehnde i tendentsii separatizma // Iberoamerikanskie tetradi. 2013. № 1. S. 543—553.

10. Koroleva A. A. Pamyat' o Tragedii v Kasas-V'ekhas v pesnyakh karnavala v Kadise Vremen vtoroj respubliki // Latinoamerikanskij istoricheskij al'manakh. 2021. № 32. S. 293—307. DOI: 10.32608/2305-8773-2021-32-1-293-307.

11. Kraev O. L. Vystavka "Vstretit'sya s nimi" kak instrument formirovaniya istoricheskoj pamyati v Urugvae // Kontsept: filosofiya, religiya, kul'tura. 2022. T. 6. № 1. S. 154—166. DOI: 10.24833/2541-8831-2022-1-21-154-166.

12. Matich O. Muzei smerti: Parizhskie i moskovskie kladbischa. M: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2021.

13. Navarro Navarro Kh. F., Grantseva E. O. Teni proshlogo v Ispanii: istoricheskaya politika i obschestvennaya pamyat' o grazhdanskoj vojne i frankizme // Kontsept: filosofiya, religiya, kul'tura. 2021. T. 5. № 4. S. 96—113. DOI: 10.24833/2541-8831-2021-4-20-96-113.

14. Nora P. Problematika mest pamyati // Frantsiya-pamyat'. SPb.: Izdatel'stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta, 1999. S. 17—50.

15. Pigareva T. Ispaniya ot I do Ya. M.: Slovo, 2022.

16. Politika affekta: muzej kak prostranstvo publichnoj istorii / red. Zavadskij A. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2019.

17. Rigl', A. Sovremennyj kul't pamyatnikov: ego suschnost' i vozniknovenie. M.: V-A-C press, 2018.

18. Roizhe Kh. Muzeologiya i pamyat' o proshlom: obrazy Grazhdanskoj vojny v ehkspozitsiyakh ispanskikh muzeev // Voprosy muzeologii. 2013. № 1 (7). S. 100—115.

19. Unamuno M. de. O tragicheskom chuvstve zhizni u lyudej i narodov. Agoniya khristianstva. M.: Martis; Kiev: Simvol, 1997.

20. Fedosova O. V. Ponyatie “la muerte” v ispanskoj kontseptual'noj kartine mira // Ispaniya i Rossiya: dialog kul'tur v svete sovremennoj tsivilizatsionnoj paradigmy. Krasnoyarsk: Sibirskij Federal'nyj universitet, 2011. C. 306—313.

21. Khlevnyuk D. Pochuvstvovat' prava cheloveka: affekt v muzeyakh pamyati // Politika affekta: muzej kak prostranstvo publichnoj istorii. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2019. S. 106—122.

22. Díaz-Plaja F. El español y los siete pecados capitales. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2004.

23. Druliolle V. Remembering and Its Places in Postdictatorship Argentina // The Memory of State Terrorism in the Southern Cone. N. Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. P. 15—41. DOI: 10.1057/9780230118621_2.

24. Feldman J. P. Memories before the State: Postwar Peru and the Place of Memory, Tolerance, and Social Inclusion. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2021.

25. Fisher N. Los cementerios en Europa como lugares de recuerdo // Revista Murciana de Antopología. 2021. Vol. 28. P. 24—25.

26. Hirsch M. The Generation of Postmemory // Poetics Today. 2008. Vol. 29. No. 1. P. 103—128. DOI: 10.1215/03335372-2007-019.

27. Larionova M. V. El duende en la encrucijada de los universales culturales: F. García Lorca y A. Pushkin, diálogo a través de un siglo // Cuadernos de rusística española. 2018. Vol. 14. P. 123—136.

28. Larionova M. V. España, un país con duende // Rossiya — Ispaniya — Iberoamerika perekrestnyj god sotrudnichestva. M.: MGIMO-Universitet, 2011. S. 131—136.

29. Rojas H., Shaftoe M. Human Rights and Transitional Justice in Chile. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81182-2.

30. Sánchez del Olmo S. Huellas del dolor: una aproximación crítica al Mueso de las Memoria del Paraguay. Huellas del dolor: una aproximación crítica al Museo de las Memorias del Paraguay // A Contracorriente: una revista de estudios latinoamericanos. 2018. Vol. 15. No. 2. P. 193—219.

31. Sánchez del Olmo S. Sacralización, ritualización y espectáculo en torno al pasado: El Museo de la Memoria y los Derechos Humanos en Chile // Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras. 2016. Vol. 21. No. 2. P. 193—216. DOI: 10.18273/revanua.v21n2-2016008.

32. Soria Olmedo A. Vida Cotidiana y Memoria Histórica: El Caso Lorca // Arizona Journal of Hispanic Cultural Studies. 2015. Vol. 19. P. 231—245.

33. Whigham K. Resonant Violence: affect, memory, and activism in post-genocide societies. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2022.

34. Williams P. Memorial Museums: the global rush to commemorate atrocities. N. Y.: Berg, 2007.