Trade Territorial Associations in Russia in the 16—17th Centuries (Perevary, Belyaki) in the Reflection of Scribe Books

The article gives a historical and geographical description of forestry territories that existed in Russia in the 16—17th centuries — the perevary in the Toropetsky district of the 16th century and belyaki in the Mordovian districts of the Moksha river basin in the 17th century. The main sources of the research are the scribe books — the scribe book of the Toropetsky district of 1540, the book of the Mordovian villages of Kadomsky uezd and the book of the Mordovian arboreal estates of 1614 and other sources of the 17th century that characterize in detail not only the settlements of the belyaki, but also the location of the beekeeping territories. Perevara and belyak were territories that united the population involved in the forestry operation of certain lands, while the side grooming was directly a section of the side forest. In historiography, these territorial entities are perceived as a legacy of the previous stage of development — Lithuanian (for perevary) and Tatar (for belyaki). During the study, volosti, perevary and belyaki were localized using GIS technologies. Localization showed that these units were compact areas surrounded by side lands. The borders of the perevary and belyaki did not always coincide with the borders of the volosti, which indicates the independent economic significance of these territorial associations. Both types of territorial units had similar features — wild honey harvest as a leading occupation, the remains of decimal organization, a similar settlement system, the so-called “nests”. The wild honey pickers of the Toropetsky district and the Mordovians of the belyaki had a similar position, characteristic of free peasantry.

Keywords

perevara, belyak, forestry, wild honey harvest, uezd, parish, settlement, land ownership, taxation, scribe book, Moscow state

Received

25.04.2022

Publication date

17.10.2022

Number of characters

35470

Cite

GOST	Karpova M. Trade Territorial Associations in Russia in the 16—17th Centuries (Perevary, Belyaki) in the Reflection of Scribe Books // ISTORIYA – 2022. – V. 13. – Issue 8 (118) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840022629-0-1 (circulation date: 23.07.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840022629-0
MLA	Karpova, Mariya "Trade Territorial Associations in Russia in the 16—17th Centuries (Perevary, Belyaki) in the Reflection of Scribe Books." ISTORIYA 13.8 (118) (2022) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840022629-0
APA	Karpova M. (2022). Trade Territorial Associations in Russia in the 16—17th Centuries (Perevary, Belyaki) in the Reflection of Scribe Books. ISTORIYA 13(8 (118)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840022629-0

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