At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries

The author considers the crisis events of medieval craft structures in England. The focus of his attention is the modernization of guilds and liveried companies of masons-builders. The analysis was carried out using special sources and scientific literature. This allowed us to draw a number of important conclusions. It is noted that the crisis processes observed in the economy of England of the 15—17th Centuries had a decisive influence on the evolution of the guild institution. These structures, in particular, construction guilds received the status of liveried companies. Subsequently, the craft Masonry of England was transformed into an enlightenment community. The study showed that his ideology provided for the allegorical use of building craft symbols. In particular, members of the Royal Society in London are named the project’s inspirers. Its main goal is the “construction” of a new society, religion and the formation of a new man. The author also emphasizes that the phenomenon of new Masonry should not be associated with the activities of a secret organization. In his opinion, the initial stage in the history of the Masonry in England should be associated with the influence of the Freemasonry of Scotland. However, at the beginning of the 18th Century, the intellectual elite of England managed to seize the initiative. The intellectual elite was the first to establish the work of the transnational structures of the new Masonic movement.

Keywords

England, Scotland, the guilds of stone masons-builders, the Livery companies, the intellectuals, philosophic Masonry

Received

30.11.2021

Publication date

15.02.2022

Number of characters

68735

Cite

GOST	Kiyasov S. At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries // ISTORIYA – 2022. – V. 13. – Issue 1 (111) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840018878-4-1 (circulation date: 24.07.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840018878-4
MLA	Kiyasov, Sergej "At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries." ISTORIYA 13.1 (111) (2022) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840018878-4
APA	Kiyasov S. (2022). At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries. ISTORIYA 13(1 (111)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840018878-4

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 193

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Anglijskij gorod XIII—XIV vv.: Sb. dokumentov // Uchen. zap. MGPI im. V. I. Lenina. T. 59. Vyp. 3. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta, 1949.

2. Bejdzhent M., Li R. Khram i lozha. Ot tamplierov do masonov / per. s angl. M.: Ehksmo, 2003.

3. Belyavskij V. S., Bogdanov A. V. Proiskhozhdenie Ordena vol'nykh kamenschikov. Masonstvo v XVII—XVIII vv. Vzglyad posvyaschennykh. M.: ITs «Moskvovedenie», 2015.

4. Egorov A. A. Istoriya Anglii. Chast' 1. Angliya v drevnosti i v srednie veka. Rostov-na-Donu; Taganrog: Izdatel'stvo Yuzhnogo federal'nogo universiteta, 2018.

5. Kiyasov S. E. Masonstvo v ehpokhu Prosvescheniya (genezis, ideologiya, ehvolyutsiya, status). SPb.: Fakul'tet filologii i iskusstv Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2010.

6. Markova S. P. Anglijskie kuptsy-avantyuristy. SPb.: Aletejya, 2011.

7. Masonstvo v ego proshlom i nastoyaschem: v 2 t. M.: Zadrugi; Izdatel'stvo K. F. Nekrasova, 1914—1915. T. 1.

8. Moramarko M. Masonstvo v proshlom i nastoyaschem / per. s ital. M.: Progress, 1989.

9. Uajt A. Eh. Novaya ehntsiklopediya masonstva (velikogo iskusstva kamenschikov) i rodstvennykh tainstv: ikh ritualov, literatury i istorii / per. s angl. SPb.: Lan', 2003.

10. Poulsen Ch. Anglijskie buntari / per. s angl. M.: Progress, 1987.

11. Robinson D. Masonstvo. Zabytye tajny / per. s angl. M.: KRON-PRESS, 2000.

12. Smit D. Rabota nad dikim kamnem. Masonskij orden i russkoe obschestvo v XVIII v. / per. s angl. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2006.

13. Chernova L. N. Pravyaschaya ehlita Londona XIV—XVI vv.: oldermeny v kontekste ehkonomicheskoj, sotsial'noj i politicheskoj praktiki. Saratov: Izdatel'stvo Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2005.

14. Shtokmar V. V. Istoriya Anglii v srednie veka. SPb.: Aletejya, 2003.

15. Yabrova M. M. Zarozhdenie rannekapitalisticheskikh otnoshenij v anglijskom gorode (London XIV— nachala XVI vv.). Saratov: Izdatel'stvo Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 1983.

16. Barron C. M. London 1300—1540. The Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Vol. 1 / ed. by Palliser D. M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. P. 395—440.

17. Calvert A. F. The Grand Lodge of England. L.: Herbert Jenkins Limited, 1917.

18. Clarkson L. A. The pre-industrial economy in England. 1500—1700. N. Y.: Schocken, 1972.

19. Hamill J. The History of English Freemasonry. Addlestone: Lewis Masonic Books, 1994.

20. Ligou D. La franc-maçonnerie. Vendôme: PUF, 1977.

21. London Mason’s Ordinances 1521. Documents in English Economic history (England from 1000 to 1760). In 2 vols. L.: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1977. Vol. 1. P. 1000—1002.

22. Mary R. L. La Franc-Maçonnerie dans le monde. P.: Editions de Vecchi, 1993.

23. Naudon P. Histoire général de la Franc-Maçonnerie. P.: Office du Livre, 1987.

24. Piatigorsky A. Freemasonry. The Study of a Phenomenon. L.: The Harvill Press, 1997.

25. Ridley J. G. The Freemasons: A history of the world’s most powerful secret society. N. Y.: Arcade, 2001.

26. Short M. Inside the Brotherhood. Further secrets of the Freemasons. L.: Grafton Books, 1990.

27. Stevenson D. The first freemasons: Scotland’s early lodges and their members. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1988.

28. Stevenson D. The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland’s Century. 1590—1710. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

29. The Constitutions of the Antient and Honourable Fraternity Free and Accepted Masons. Containing their History, Charges, Regulations, etc. Collected and Digisted By Order of the Grand Lodge from their old Records, faitful Traditions and Lodge-Books, For the Use of the Lodges. By James Anderson, D. D. Carefully Revised, Continued and Enlarged, with many Additions, By John Entick. L.: Black Swan, 1756.

30. The Constitutions of the Free-Masons. Containing the History, Charges, Regulations, & c. of that most Ancient and Right Worshipful Fraternity. For the Use of the Lodges. L.: Printed by William Hunter, for John Senex at the Globe, and John Hooke at the Flower-de-luce over-against St. Dunstan’s Church, in Fleet-street, 1723.

31. The New Book of Constitutions of the Antient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, containing their History, Charges, Regulations, collected and Digested by Order of the Grand Lodge from their old Records, faithful Traditions and Lodge-Books, for the use of the Lodges, By James Anderson. L.: Caescn Ward and Richard Chandler, 1738.