Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems

The article devoted to the problem of Muslim immigration in France in the 20th century. The focus is on the causes of Muslim immigration, its cycles, specificity and consequences for modern French society. Based on a comparison of various statistical data, it stated that Muslim immigration is an integral part of three large waves of immigration flows that took place from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The article notes the correlation of the number of Muslim immigrants in France with the global numbers of immigrant arrivals to the country. However, if in the first two waves their number depended on the economic needs of the French economy (Muslims came to earn money), then during the third wave other factors came into play — the creation of stable communities, family reunification, going on stage second and third generations of immigrants, social problems of their arrangement and adaptation to French legal norms and customs. The article notes the specificity of the geographical concentration of the Muslim population, which takes place either near large industrial centers and cities (which makes it easier to find work and social protection), or in places of proximity to their native countries (southern France). Special attention paid to the problem of the evolution of state policy in the admission and integration of immigrants, when various methods tired from assimilation, the adoption of quotas to the policy of flexible regulation of immigration and expulsion of illegal immigrants from the country. The article analyzes the position of the Muslim community in France, the role of Muslim associations in its life, the impact on the socio-cultural life of the French. It can stated that Islam has become the second religion in France, which determines its position — a stable presence in socio-economic life (employment, the spread of the social protection system to immigrants), political (the right to vote, the possibility of creating associations, manifestations), religious (the possibility of worship), cultural (the formation of a specific immigrant subculture).

Keywords

France, immigration, Muslim immigration, Islam, assimilation, integration

Received

28.02.2021

Publication date

21.06.2021

Number of characters

53781

Cite

GOST	Shmelev D. Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems // ISTORIYA – 2021. – V. 12. – Issue 5 (103) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840015636-8-1 (circulation date: 19.07.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015636-8
MLA	Shmelev, Dmitry "Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems." ISTORIYA 12.5 (103) (2021) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015636-8
APA	Shmelev D. (2021). Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems. ISTORIYA 12(5 (103)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840015636-8

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 436

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Brodel' F. Chto takoe Frantsiya? Kniga vtoraya: Lyudi i veschi. Ch. 1. M.: Izd-vo im. Sabashnikovykh, 1995.

2. Demintseva E. Byt' «arabom» vo Frantsii. M.: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2008.

3. Kudryavtsev A. Musul'mane vo Frantsii // Rossiya i musul'manskij mir. 2002. № 11.

4. Novozhenova I. S. Immigranty vo Frantsii: integratsiya inostrantsev / I. S. Novozhenova // Kondrat'eva T. S., Novozhenova I. S. (red.-sost.) Zapadnaya Evropa pered vyzovom immigratsii. M.: INION, 2005.

5. Osipov E. French Multiculturalism on the Example of the Activities of the High Council for Integration (1990—2012) // ISTORIYA. 2018. Vol. 9. Issue 8 (72). URL: https://history.jes.su/s207987840002458-2-1/ DOI: 10.18254/S0002458-2-1

6. Ageron Ch.-R. L’immigration maghrébine en France // Vingtième siècle, revue d’histoire. 1985. № 7.

7. Amar M., Milza P. L’immigration en France au XXe siècle. P.: A. Colin, 1990.

8. Andezian S. L’islam dans la France d’aujourd’hui // Autres Temps. Les cahiers du christianisme social. 1986. № 10.

9. Beaud S., Noiriel G. Penser “l’intégration” des immigrés // Hommes et Migrations. 1990. № 1133.

10. Becker J.-J., Ory P. Crises et alternances. 1974—2000. P.: Seuil, 2002.

11. Berstein S. La France de l’expansion. T. 1. La République gaullienne (1958—1969). P.: Seuil, 1989.

12. Borne D., Dubieff H. La crise des années 30. 1929—1938. P.: Seuil, 1989.

13. Cesari J. L’islam en France, naissance d’une religion // Hommes et Migrations. 1995. № 1183.

14. Charles G. Les vrais chiffres de l’islam en France / G. Charles, B. Lahouri // L’Express. № 2735. 2003. 4—10 décember.

15. Faidutti-Rudolph A.-M. L’évolution de l’immigration en France de 1946 à 1960 // L’information géographique. 1962. № 4 (26).

16. Girard A., Leriche J. Les Algériens en France. Étude démographique et sociale // Population. 1955. № 1.

17. Kepel G. Les banlieues de l’islam. P.: Seuil, 1991.

18. La France au pluriel // Cahiers français. № 352. September — October 2009.

19. La France et ses immigrés 1789—1995 // L’Histoire. № 193. 1995.

20. Le Moigne G., Lebon A. L’immigration en France. P.: PUF, 2002.

21. Le Pen J.-M. Les Français d’abord. P.: Carrère; M. Lafon, 1984.

22. Leveau R., Kepel G. (dir.) Les Musulmans dans la société française. P.: PFNSP, 1988.

23. Leveau R., Wihtol de Wenden C. L’évolution des attitudes politiques des immigrés magrébins // Vingtième siècle, revue d’histoire. 1985. № 7. P. 71—84.

24. Milza P. Un siècle d’immigration étrangère en France // Vingtième siècle, revue d’histoire. 1985. № 7. P. 3—18.

25. Cent ans d’immigration. Étrangers d’hier, Français d’aujourd’hui / M. Tribalat (dir.). P.: PRU/INED, 1991.

26. Dreyfus-Armand G. Les immigrés dans la société, 1981—1984 / G. Dreyfus-Armand, Th. Caudron // Les années Mitterrand. Les années du changement (1981—1984) / sous la direction de S. Berstein, P. Milza, J.-L. Bianco. P.: Perrin, 2001. P. 548—566.

27. Tournier V. Les musulmans en France: religiosité, politisation et capital social // Politique et Sociétés. 2013. № 2 (32). P. 89—120.

28. Tribalat M. Faire France / M. Tribalat. P.: La Decouverte, 1995.

29. Weil P. La France et ses étrangers. L’aventure d’une politique de l’immigration, 1938—1991. P.: Calmann-Levy, 1991.

30. Wihtol de Wenden C. Les Immigrés et la politique P.: PFNSP, 1988.

31. Wihtol de Wenden C. Politique de l’immigration // Hommes et Migrations. 1989. № 1119.

32. Wihtol de Wenden C. Les musulmans dans la société française // Vingtième siècle, revue d’histoire. 1987. № 15.