Russia Abroad in Search of the Legal Status of Russians Who Have not Accepted Other Citizenship

The article shows that the legal field of Russian emigrants, who did not take either Soviet citizenship or the citizenship of the recipient country, has evolved from “torn apart”, fragmented across countries and various institutions to a relatively unified, harmonized, based on international documents initiated by the League of Nations. If in the early 1920s the protection of the interests of emigrants, their legal adaptation depended on self-organization, and the authorities of the receiving state played a decisive role, then by the end of the decade a supranational legal sector is being built, more or less uniform for the entire diaspora. Despite unsuccessful attempts to preserve a non-Soviet civil identity, the former Russian passports, Russia Abroad was able to organize legal assistance and support, to offer its own options for resolving the status of Russians who were left without the protection of their state. The article shows that the legal field of Russian emigrants, who did not take either Soviet citizenship or the citizenship of the recipient country, has evolved from “torn apart”, fragmented across countries and various institutions to a relatively unified, harmonized, based on international documents initiated by the League of Nations. If in the early 1920s the protection of the interests of emigrants, their legal adaptation depended on self-organization, and the authorities of the receiving state played a decisive role, then by the end of the decade a supranational legal sector is being built, more or less uniform for the entire diaspora. Despite unsuccessful attempts to preserve a non-Soviet civil identity, the former Russian passports, Russia Abroad was able to organize legal assistance and support, to offer its own options for resolving the status of Russians who were left without the protection of their state.

Keywords

Refugees, Russian emigration, High Commissioner for refugees, F. Nansen, Refugees, Russian émigrés, High Commissioner for Refugees, F. Nansen, Russia Abroad, émigré lawyers, 1920s, Zemgor, émigré organizations

Received

02.12.2020

Publication date

28.02.2021

Number of characters

37390

Cite

GOST	Bocharova Z. Russia Abroad in Search of the Legal Status of “Russians Who Have not Accepted Other Citizenship” // ISTORIYA – 2021. – V. 12. – Issue 2 (100) [Electronic resource]. URL: https://history.jes.su/S207987840014156-0-1 (circulation date: 19.05.2024). DOI: 10.18254/S207987840014156-0
MLA	Bocharova, Zoya "Russia Abroad in Search of the Legal Status of “Russians Who Have not Accepted Other Citizenship”." ISTORIYA 12.2 (100) (2021) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840014156-0
APA	Bocharova Z. (2021). Russia Abroad in Search of the Legal Status of “Russians Who Have not Accepted Other Citizenship”. ISTORIYA 12(2 (100)) DOI: 10.18254/S207987840014156-0

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 363

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. Bekyashev D. K., Ivanov D. V. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie vynuzhdennoj i trudovoj migratsii. M., 2014.

2. «V praktike Russkoj yuridicheskoj konsul'tatsii v Prage brachnye dela zanimayut vidnoe mesto». Doklad A. B. Ehfrona. 1928 g. / publ., kommentarii Z. S. Bocharova, A. V. Korneeva // Istoricheskij arkhiv. 2016. № 3. S. 59—85.

3. Galinskaya L. N. Pravo ubezhischa. M., 1968.

4. Grishun'kina M. G. Professional'nye korporatsii rossijskikh yuristov v Zapadnoj Evrope i SShA. 1920—1930-e gg. M., 2008.

5. Grishun'kina M. G. Rol' yuristov v sotsial'no-ehkonomicheskoj adaptatsii rossijskikh ehmigrantov v 1920—1930-e gg. // Pravovoe polozhenie rossijskoj ehmigratsii v 1920—1930-e gg. Sb. nauchnykh trudov. SPb., 2006. S. 92—97.

6. Grishun'kina M. G. Rossijskaya advokatura v ehmigratsii v 1920—1930-e gg. M., 2005.

7. Gudvin-Gill G. S. Statut bezhentsa v mezhdunarodnom prave. M., 1997.

8. Gul'kevich K. N. Pis'ma k Olafu Broku. 1916—1923. M., 2017.

9. Ivanov D. V. Bezhentsy v sovremennom mezhdunarodnom prave. M., 2006.

10. Lichnyj statut russkikh, ne priznayuschikh bol'shevistskoj vlasti (Doklad, predstavlennyj Byuro zaschity prav russkikh grazhdan za granitsej na Obschem s'ezde predstavitelej russkoj promyshlennosti i torgovli v Parizhe 17 — 23 maya 1921 g.) // Antibol'shevistskaya Rossiya [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.antibr.ru (data obrascheniya: 12.10.2020).

11. Martynov A. S. Rossijskie yuristy v ehmigratsii (1920—1930) // Russkaya kul'tura KhKh v. na rodine i v ehmigratsii. Imena. Problemy. Fakty. Vyp. 2. M., 2002. S. 298—327.

12. Nikolaev S. N. O pravovom polozhenii russkikh bezhentsev i o merakh k ego uluchsheniyu: (Doklad, chitannyj 14 dekabrya 1927 g. v obschem sobranii Rus. yurid. konsul'tatsii Zemgora v Prage) // Russkij ehkonomicheskij sbornik. Praga: Plamya (Legiografie), 1928. T. 12. S. 72—105.

13. Otchet Ob'edineniya russkikh advokatov vo Frantsii za 1932-j g. (s 1 fevralya 1932 g. po 1 fevralya 1933 g.). Vyp. 6. Parizh, 1933.

14. Potapov V. I. Bezhentsy i mezhdunarodnoe pravo. M., 1986.

15. Protokol besedy episkopa Serafima Lubenskogo i predstavitelej russkikh obschestvennykh organizatsij v Bolgarii s rossijskim diplomaticheskim predstavitelem v Bolgarii A. M. Petryaevym 16 dekabrya 1922 g., Sofiya // Novyj istoricheskij vestnik. 2002. № 2 (7). S. 221—224.

16. Russkaya advokatura v Germanii: Otchet o deyatel'nosti Soyuza za 10 let (1920—1930). Berlin, 1930.

17. Russkaya pechat' v Ehstonii. 1918—1940. Bio-bibliograficheskie i spravochnye materialy k izucheniyu kul'turnoj zhizni russkoj ehmigratsii. V 2-kh vyp. M., 1998.

18. Russkaya ehmigratsiya 1920—1930- gg. Al'manakh. Belgrad, 1931. Vyp. 1—2.

19. Russkie bezhentsy: Problemy rasseleniya, vozvrascheniya na Rodinu, uregulirovaniya pravovogo polozheniya (1920—1930-e gg.). Sb. dokumentov i materialov / sost., publ., vvedenie, primech., biograficheskij kommentarij, imennoj ukazatel' Bocharova Z. S. M., 2004.

20. Russkie v Germanii. Yuridicheskij spravochnik / sost. I. M. Rabinovich, pris. pov. Okruzhnoj Sankt-Peterburgskoj sudebnoj palaty. Berlin, 1921.

21. Russkie v Prage. 1918—1928 / red.-izd. S. P. Postnikov. Praga, 1928.

22. Russkie vo Frantsii. Spravochnik / pod red. V. F. Zeelera. Parizh, 1937.

23. Russkij al'manakh. Spravochnik / red. V. A. Obolenskij, B. M. Sarach. Parizh, 1931.

24. Russkij mir v KhKh veke. 1917—1928 gg. [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.airo-xxi.ru (data obrascheniya: 12.10.2020).

25. Sarashevskij Yu. L. Rol' Ligi Natsij v formirovanii prava bezhentsev // Belorusskij zhurnal mezhdunarodnogo prava i mezhdunarodnykh otnoshenij. 2000. № 1. S. 33—36.

26. Yastrebova A. Yu. Mezhdunarodno-pravovaya zaschita bezhentsev. Diss. ... kandidata yuridicheskikh nauk: 12.00.10. M., 1991.

27. Yaschenko A. S. Yuridicheskoe polozhenie russkikh za granitsej // Russkij Berlin / sost., predisl. i personalii V.V. Sorokinoj. M., 2003.

28. Champcommunal J. La condition des russes à l’étranger spécialement en France: extrait de la evue de droit international prive. Paris, 1925.

29. Gilbert J. On the history of the international protection of refugees // IRRC September 2001. Vol. 83. № 843. P. 727—738 [Ehlektronnyj resurs]. URL: https://www.icrc.org/ara/assets/files/other/727738jaeger.pdf (data obrascheniya: 29.01.2020).

30. Niboyet J. et Pillet A. Matuel de droit international privé. P., 1924. P. 406—422.