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The Origins of Human Society and Justice in Early Modern Islamic Political Thought
 
Title (other)Истоки гражданственности и справедливости в исламской политической мысли раннего Нового времени
PIIS207987840012893-1-1
DOI10.18254/S207987840012893-1
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Vasileios Syros 
Affiliation: University of Jyväskylä
Address: Finland, Jyväskylä
Journal nameISTORIYA
Edition
Abstract

This article offers a detailed examination of theories about the emergence of social life and the establishment of political authority and justice as developed in the central and eastern Islamic lands. Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (13th century), one of the major representatives of akhlāq literature, produced a powerful synthesis of earlier Islamic and ancient Greek theories to describe human society as growing out of man’s need to obtain life necessities and likened the ruler to a physician. Ṭūsī’s Nasirean Ethics exerted an important influence on Jalāl al-Dīn Dawwānī (15th century), a leading religious scholar, whose Jalalian Ethics contributed to the dissemination of Ṭūsī’s political and ethical thought. Akhlāq ideas on the origins of human society were one of the sources of the Ottoman political tradition, as evidenced by Tursun Beğ’s (15th century) History of Mehmed the Conqueror and KınalızâdeAlî Çelebi’s (16th century) Sublime EthicsEthics of Ali. Indo-Islamic political discourse on social origins is characterized by an abiding concern with the means of eliminating discord and achieving maintaining social balance. These sentiments are forcefully expressed in Abū’l-Fażl’s (16th century) Institutes of Akbar, in which the ruler-as-the-shadow-of-God motif is employed to depict Akbar as the recipient of divine light transmitted through the sequence of biblical prophets and great rulers in human history.

KeywordsMedieval and early modern Islamic political thought, Ottoman Empire, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, akhlāq literature
AcknowledgmentThis publication was supported by the Academy of Finland, funding decision 275404 (= Political Power in the Early Modern European and Islamic Worlds research project, 2014—2018). The research presented here also derives from work related to COST Action CA18129 — Islamic Legacy: Narratives East, West, South, North of the Mediterranean (1350—1750) (IS-LE), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).
Received28.02.2020
Publication date30.11.2020
Number of characters68544
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