Regulation of trade and supply by the government of general Denikin during the Russian Civil War

 
PIIS0017476-3-1
DOI10.31857/S102694520017476-4
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Occupation: Head of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law, Togliatti State University
Affiliation: Togliatti State University
Address: Russian Federation, Togliatti
Journal nameGosudarstvo i pravo
EditionIssue 11
Pages193-200
Abstract

The article examines the little-studied problem of state regulation of trade and supply in the territory of the South of Russia in historical and legal science. It is revealed that until the summer of 1919, the Denikin government regulated the commodity distribution sphere based on pre-revolutionary legislation on the grain monopoly and the distribution of grain and fodder in the provinces. In the summer, the legislator abolished the grain monopoly, but introduced compulsory military service for the supply of food and fodder to the army. It is established that the government's hopes for the procurement of agricultural products through cooperatives did not justify themselves due to unsuccessful administration to establish low and unprofitable purchase prices for peasants at a high cost of the industrial goods they need, as well as due to delays in payment for the deliveries made and unsatisfactory organization of commercial transportation. It is revealed that the involvement of large private traders and firms in the supply of grain and fodder after the abolition of the grain monopoly led to the corruption of the state apparatus, rampant speculation and the formation of a black market, which the government failed to cope with, despite the adoption of a rather harsh law on speculation. It is stated that the legislative and administrative activities of the government in the field of trade and supply were not able to provide the army with food, fodder and equipment. Because of which the commanders of the units were forced, in violation of the law, to engage in self-sufficiency of their troops by conducting requisitions that caused outrage among peasants or exchanging captured trophies for food.

Keywordstrade and supply, military service, legislation, grain monopoly, speculation, corruption, black market, cooperatives, agricultural products, manufactured goods
AcknowledgmentThis publication was prepared within the framework of the scientific project No. 20-011-00347 supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
Received14.11.2021
Publication date04.12.2023
Number of characters35199
Cite  
100 rub.
When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 35

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. The Civil War in Russia (1918 - 1921): textbook / comp. S.A. Piontkovsky. M., 1925 (in Russ.).

2. Denikin A.I. Essays of the Russian troubles: in 5 vols. Berlin, 1925. Vol. 4. P. 59, 60, 88, 221, 229, 230, 253; vol. 5. P. 274 (in Russ.).

3. Kalinin I.M. Russian Vendee. M.; L., 1926. P. 185 - 187 (in Russ.).

4. Karpenko C.B. Essays on the history of the White Movement in the South of Russia (1917 - 1920). 3rd ed., supplement and rev. M., 2006. P. 86 (in Russ.).

5. Lukomsky A.S. From memoirs // Archive of the Russian Revolution. M., 1991. Vol. VI. P. 150, 151 (in Russ.).

6. On the harm of indemnities // Kuban cooperator. Ekaterinodar, 1919. No. 11. P. 10 (in Russ.).

7. On the shortage of industrial goods // Kuban cooperator. Ekaterinodar. 1918. No. 12. P. 20, 21 (in Russ.).

8. Pokrovsky G. Denikin: the year of politics and economics in the Kuban (1918–1919). Berlin, 1923. P. 2, 185, 186, 193–195 (in Russ.).

9. Markets V.M. Financial Policy of the Anti-Bolshevik governments of the East of Russia (the second half of 1918 - the beginning of 1920). Novosibirsk, 2006 (in Russ.).

10. Stavropol cooperation // Kuban cooperator. Ekaterinodar, 1919. No. 11. P. 30 (in Russ.).

11. Stalny V. Cadets (Constitutional Democratic Party of People’s Freedom). Kharkov, 1929 (in Russ.).

12. Khaziev R.A. State administration of the economy and the market in the Urals in 1917 - 1921: characteristics of sources. Ufa, 2000 (in Russ.).

13. Khodyakov M.V. Centrifugal syndrome: Separatism in the Russian Economy. 1917 - 1920 // Centrifugal Syndrome: Separatism in the Economics of Russia. 1917 - 1920. M.; NY; SPb., 2008 (in Russ.).

14. Tsvetkov V. Zh. Cooperation and agriculture in the white South of Russia in the 1919 - 1920s // Economic Journal. 2016. No. 3 (43). P. 110 - 130 (in Russ.).

15. Tsvetkov V. Zh. The state of the food market of the districts of the South of Russia occupied by VSYUR (summer – autumn 1919) // The South of Russia in the past and present: history, economy, culture: materials of the regional Scientific and Practical Conference. Belgorod, 1996. P. 90, 91 (in Russ.).

16. Chernichenko M. Yu. “Speculation celebrates its bacchanalia”: images of speculation and speculator in the periodical press of the White South of Russia (1919) // New Historical Herald. 2013. No. 4 (38). P. 78 - 81 (in Russ.).

17. Yanchevsky N.L. A brief sketch of the history of the revolution in the South-East (1917 - 1920). Rostov-on-Don, 1924 (in Russ.).

18. Bullock D. The Russian Civil War of 1918–22. Oxford, 2008.

19. Rex A. The Bolshevik Revolution and Russian Civil War. L., 2001.

20. Smele J.D. The «Russian» civil wars, 1916–1926: ten years that shook the world. L., 2016.

21. Smith S.A. Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928. NY, 2017.



Additional sources and materials

 1. Contracts of Food Management with the Taganrog Credit and Savings and Loan Partnership for Dec. 1918 - May 1919. // GARF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 6, ll. 28, 28 rev.

2. Correspondence with the Commissioner of food Stavropol region // GARF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 6, l. 27.

3. The resolution OS VSYUR «On leaving in the power of cooperative law of the Provisional government of March 20, 1917» // GARF. F. 439. Op. 1, d. 110, l. 41 rev.

rev.

5. The OS VSYUR decree "ON the Temporary Committee on co-operation" // GARF, f. 439, Op. 1, d. 86, l. 195.

6. The decision of the Special meeting dated 20 Aug. 1919 about local government food // GARF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 31, ll. 7, 8.

No. 151 from 12.05.1919 G. // GARF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 7, l. 59.

8. The order of the Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia No. 106 (General management) "to abolish the decree of the Provisional Government on 25 March 1917 on the transfer of bread available to State and local food authorities" (copy) // GARF. F. 439. Op. 1, d. 110, ll. 138,138 rev.

9. The order of GK VSYUR on the abolition of the Department of food and the transfer of its functions to the Chief quartermaster VSYUR // GARF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 62, l. 6.

Op. 1, d. 6, l 21.

11. Reports of the Department of propaganda on the public mood // GARF. F. 440. Op. 1, d. 34, ll. 97, 208, 237.

12. Message Upapada Stavropol Strelochnikov in the Management of Food at the Special Meeting of April 10, 1919, on the accounts payable industrial products // GARF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 6, ll. 76, 76 rev.

13. Verbatim report of the food congress convened by the Food Administration (February 27 - March 3, 1919 // GA RF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 1, l. 1, 2.

14. Telegram of the Food Administration to the provincial Commissioner for Food // GARF. F. 879. Op. 1, d. 30, ll. 162,162 rev.

15. Circular letters of food commissioners to purchasing agents (March - October 1919) // GARF. F. R-879, Op. 1, d 22, l. 3–7.

Система Orphus

Loading...
Up