The modern development of society and the economy is determined primarily by the state and capabilities of human capital. In turn, the development of human capital is based on branches of the knowledge economy: science, education, healthcare with “red” (the scope of application is related to healthcare) biotechnologies and the development of information and communication technologies (ICT). Previously, we analyzed the state of the branches of the knowledge economy in Russia and drew conclusions regarding the tasks of domestic science to enhance the development of human capital in the country. This article is devoted to the study of the possible impact on the development of science of the remaining listed branches of the knowledge economy, which determine the qualitative state of human capital.