he Concept of Natural Law in the Noble Discourse of the Enlightenment

Political and legal theory of the Russian Enlightenment has recently become a subject of detailed investigations. Philosophers as well as intellectual historians do research in its different aspects. The topic is actualized by the aspiration to understand traditions of the Russian social thought, to see how social transformations were reflected in the logic of texts and contexts. Scholars’ approaches used here were mainly history of ideas and history of concepts. The paper considers natural law as one of the central concepts of social philosophy and political theory of the Enlightenment. The theory of natural law was the basis for social and political philosophy and the theoretical underpinning of important state documents. The paper deals with peculiarities of historical usage of concepts of “natural law”, “natural rights”, “natural man”, as well as the concept of “natural” as it was applied in non-political spheres. The research was based primarily on an analysis of the noble discourse. To clarify the case, it is presupposed that at that time there coexisted several types of mutually overlapping but incompatible discourses that belonged to different intellectual milieus — clerical, academic and noble. The nobility belonged to the ruling elite, so it was possible to transfer the ideas of noble ideologists into official documents and through state institutions into educational and academic structures. The paper illustrates how the radicalization of the concept of natural law led to its deletion from the academic practice by administrative prohibitions. The case of A.P. Kunitsyn, a teacher at the Imperial Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, and repressions against his work “Natural Law” was studied as an example. The paper also studies the reception of natural-legal theory in the process of upbringing and education considering the importance of both institutional (through educational institutions) and non-institutional (through social practices of the nobility) intellectual reading, home education, educational travels, intellectual salons, etc.

Keywords

natural right, natural law, natural man, Russia, the Enlightenment, nobility

Received

09.12.2020

Publication date

09.12.2020

Number of characters

33907

Cite

GOST	Artemyeva T. he Concept of Natural Law in the Noble Discourse of the Enlightenment // Chelovek – 2020. – V. 31. – Issue №5 C. 146-166 [Electronic resource]. URL: https://chelovek-journal.ru/S023620070012395-1-1 (circulation date: 25.04.2024). DOI: 10.31857/S023620070012395-1
MLA	Artemyeva, Tat'yana "he Concept of Natural Law in the Noble Discourse of the Enlightenment." Chelovek 31.5 (2020):146-166. DOI: 10.31857/S023620070012395-1
APA	Artemyeva T. (2020). he Concept of Natural Law in the Noble Discourse of the Enlightenment. Chelovek 31(5), pp.146-166 DOI: 10.31857/S023620070012395-1

100 rub.

When subscribing to an article or issue, the user can download PDF, evaluate the publication or contact the author. Need to register.

Number of purchasers: 0, views: 837

Readers community rating: votes 0

1. 24.325– avgusta 12. Vysochajshe utverzhdennoe polozhenie o Litsee // Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj Imperii: Sobranie pervoe. T. 31. 1810–1811 gg. SPb.: Tip. 2-go Otdeleniya Sobstvennoj Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva Kantselyarii, 1830.

2. Akt o poryadke prestolonaslediya. 5 aprelya 1797 g. // Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj Imperii: Sobranie pervoe. T. 24. S 6 noyabrya 1796 po 1798 g. № 17910. SPb.: Tip. 2-go Otdeleniya Sobstvennoj Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva Kantselyarii, 1830.

3. Andreev A.Yu. Russkie studenty v nemetskikh universitetakh XVIII – pervoj poloviny XIX veka. M.: Znak, 2005.

4. Andreev A.Yu. Otchet F.-S. Lagarpa o vospitanii velikikh knyazej Aleksandra i Konstantina Pavlovichej za 1791 god // Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Svyato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Ser. 2: Istoriya. Istoriya Russkoj Pravoslavnoj Tserkvi. 2017. Vyp. 77.

5. Anichkov D.S. Slovo o neveschestvennosti dushi chelovecheskoj i iz onoj proiskhodyaschem ee bessmertii // Obschestvennaya mysl' Rossii XVIII veka: v 2 t. / sost., avt. vstupit. st. i komment. T.V. Artem'eva. T. 1. Philosophia rationalis. M.: ROSSPEhN, 2010.

6. Annenkov P.V. Materialy dlya biografii A.S. Pushkina // Pushkin A.S. Sochineniya Pushkina: S pril. materialov dlya ego biogr., portr., snimkov s ego pocherka i s ego ris., i proch. SPb.: Izdanie P.V. Annenkova, 1855. T. 1.

7. Artem'eva T.V., Mikeshin M.I. Intellektual'naya kul'tura ehpokhi Prosvescheniya v Rossii. SPb.: Sankt-Peterb. tsentr istorii idej, 2020.

8. Bugrov K.D., Kiselev M.A. Estestvennoe pravo i dobrodetel': Integratsiya evropejskogo vliyaniya v rossijskuyu politicheskuyu kul'turu KhVIII veka. Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural. un-ta, 2016.

9. Val'mon Zh.K. Fiziologiya, ili Estestvennaya istoriya o cheloveke kasatel'no ego zachatiya, rozhdeniya, prirody, stroeniya tela, razlichnykh vozrastov, deyanij zhizni, razlichij v chelovecheskom rode primechaemykh, boleznej, starosti i smerti / Dlya pol'zy rossijskogo yunoshestva trudami i izhdiveniem Nestora Maksimovicha-Ambodika meditsiny doktora i professora vpervye napechatannaya. Vo grade sv. Petra: Pri tip. Morskogo shlyakhetnogo kadetskogo korpusa, 1787.

10. Vinkler I.G. Fizika, ili Estestvennaya filosofiya. M.: U soderzhatelya tip. F. Gippiusa, 1785.

11. German I.F. Estestvennaya istoriya medi / per. s nem. I. Gavrilova. SPb.: Izhdiveniem Imperatorskoj akademii nauk, 1791.

12. Griboedov A.S. Sochineniya. M.; L.: Gos. izd-vo khudozh. lit., 1959. URL: http://az.lib.ru/g/griboedow_a_s/text_0080.shtml (data obrascheniya: 29.06.2020).

13. Dnevniki i avtobiograficheskie zapisi iz litsejskogo dnevnika [A.S. Pushnina] // Pushkin A.S. Sobranie sochinenij: v 10 t. T. 7. M.: Gos. izd-vo khudozh. lit., 1962.

14. Kantemir A.D. Avtorovo predislovie // Fontenel' B. Razgovory o mnozhestve mirov gospodina Fontenella, Parizhskoj Akademii nauk sekretarya / S frantsuzskogo perevel i potrebnymi primechaniyami iz'yasnil knyaz' Antiokh Kantemir v Moskve [v] 1730 godu. SPb.: Pri Imperatorskoj akademii nauk, 1740.

15. Karamzin N.M. Istoriya gosudarstva Rossijskogo: v 12 t. T. 5. M.: Nauka, 1993.

16. Kiselev M.A. Sochineniya zapadnoevropejskikh avtorov po estestvennomu pravu v knizhnykh sobraniyakh rossijskikh gosudarstvennykh i tserkovnykh deyatelej pervoj chetverti XVIII v. // Vol'terovskie chteniya: Sb. nauch. tr. SPb.: RNB, 2019. Vyp. 5.

17. Kozel'skij Ya.P. Rassuzhdeniya dvukh indijtsev Kalana i Ibragima o chelovecheskom poznanii (1788) // Izbrannye proizvedeniya russkikh myslitelej vtoroj poloviny XVIII veka: v 2 t. M.: Gos. izd-vo polit. lit., 1952. T. 1. URL: http://az.lib.ru/k/kozelxskij_j_p/text_1788_rassuzhdenia_dvuh_indeytzev.shtml (data obrascheniya: 29.06.2020).

18. Kozel'skij Ya.P. Filosoficheskie predlozheniya. // Obschestvennaya mysl' Rossii XVIII veka: v 2 t. / sost., avt. vstupit. st. i komment. T.V. Artem'eva. T. 1. Philosophia rationalis. M.: ROSSPEhN, 2010.

19. Kunitsyn A.P. Pravo estestvennoe. SPb.: Tip. Ios. Ioannesova, 1818–1820. Ch. 1–2.

20. Levshinov A., prot. O predokhranenii zdraviya ot morovoj zarazitel'noj yazvy (1771) // Opisanie morovoj yazvy, byvshej v stolichnom gorod Moskv s 1770 po 1772 god, s prilozheniem vsekh dlya prekrascheniya onoj togda ustanovlennyx uchrezhdenij. M.: Mosk. un-t, 1775.

21. Lokk Dzh. O vospitanii detej / per. s fr. N. Popovskogo. M.: Pech. pri Imp. mosk. un-te, 1759.

22. Murav'ev-Apostol I.M. Mnenie chlena glavnogo uchilischnogo upravleniya Murav'eva-Apostola o prepodavanii filosofii // Filosofskij vek: Al'manakh. Vyp. 30. Istoriya universitetskogo obrazovaniya v Rossii i mezhdunarodnye traditsii Prosvescheniya. SPb.: Sankt-Peterb. tsentr istorii idej, 2005. T. 30.

23. Murav'ev-Apostol I.M. Puteshestvie po Tavride v 1820 godu. SPb.: Pechatano v tipografii, sostoyaschej pri Osobennoj kantselyarii Ministerstva vnutrennikh del, 1823.

24. Nakaz Komissii o sochinenii proekta novogo ulozheniya Ekateriny II: Pervonachal'nyj konspekt Nakaza, istochniki, perevody, teksty. M.: Pamyatniki ist. mysli, 2018.

25. Novikova O.Eh. Politika i ehtika v ehpokhu religioznykh vojn: Yust Lipsij (1547–1606). M.: RKhTU im. D.I. Mendeleeva, 2005.

26. Nordstet I. Rossijskij s nemetskim i frantsuzskim perevodami slovar'. SPb.: Tip. I.K. Shnora, 1780.

27. Obschestvennaya mysl' Rossii: s drevnejshikh vremen do seredinyKhKh veka: v 4 t. / otv. red. A.B. Kamenskij. T. 2. Obschestvennaya mysl' Rossii XVIII – pervoj chetverti XIX v. M.: Ros. polit. ehntsikl., 2020.

28. Pnin I.P. Opyt o prosveschenii otnositel'no k Rossii // Obschestvennaya mysl' Rossii XVIII veka: v 2 t. / sost., avt. vstupit. st. i komment. T.V. Artem'eva. T. 2. Philosophia moralis. M.: ROSSPEhN, 2010.

29. Pufendorf S. O dolzhnosti cheloveka i grazhdanina po zakonu estestvennomu / per. [c nem.] I. Krechetovskogo. SPb.: Sankt-Peterb. tip., 1726. Kn. 1–2.

30. Radischev A.N. Razmyshleniya o grecheskoj istorii // Radischev A.N. Polnoe sobranie sochinenij: v 3 t. T. 2. M.; L.: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1941.

31. Radischev A.N. Razroznennye zametki // Radischev A.N. Polnoe sobranie sochinenij: v 3 t. T. 3. M.; L.: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1954.

32. Sankt-Peterburgskij universitet v pervoe stoletie ego deyatel'nosti. 1819–1919 / pod red. S.V. Rozhdestvenskogo. Pg.: b.i., 1919. T. 1.

33. Slovar' Akademii Rossijskoj. SPb.: Imperatorskaya akademiya nauk, 1790. Ch. 2.

34. Slovar' Akademii Rossijskoj. SPb.: Imperatorskaya akademiya nauk, 1793. Ch. 4.

35. Sumarokov A.P. Osnovaniya lyubomudriya // Obschestvennaya mysl' Rossii XVIII veka: v 2 t. / sost., avt. vstupit. st. i komment. T.V. Artem'eva. T. 2. Philosophia moralis. M.: ROSSPEhN, 2010.

36. Trediakovskij V.K. Sochineniya. Perevody kak stikhami, tak i prozoyu. SPb.: Nauka, 2009. (Literaturnye pamyatniki).

37. Trediakovskij V.K. Feoptiya // Trediakovskij V.K. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M.; L.: Sov. pisatel', 1963.

38. Fontenel' B. Razgovory o mnozhestve mirov gospodina Fontenella, Parizhskoj Akademii nauk sekretarya / S frantsuzskogo perevel i potrebnymi primechaniyami iz'yasnil knyaz' Antiokh Kantemir v Moskve 1730 godu. SPb.: Pri Imperatorskoj akademii nauk, 1740.

39. Khol'berg L. Podzemnoe puteshestvie / per. s lat. S. Savitskogo. SPb.: Tip. Sukhoput. kadet. korpusa, 1762.

40. Yanovskij N. Novyj slovotolkovatel', raspolozhennyj po alfavitu. SPb.: Imperatorskaya akademiya nauk, 1804. Ch. 2.

41. Preface. Ludvig Holberg (1684–1754): Learning and Literature in the Nordic Enlightenment / ed. by K. Haakonssen and S. Olden-Jørgensen. L.; N.Y.: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.