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Foreign policy of Iran and Turkey towards Arab States after the Arab Spring
 
PIIS086919080015234-4-1
DOI10.31857/S086919080015234-4
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Irina A. Svistunova 
Occupation: Senior Research Fellow, Center for the Middle East Studies, IMEMO
Affiliation: Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO)
Address: Moscow, Russia
Anastasia S. Bogacheva
Occupation: Junior Research Fellow, Center for the Middle East Studies, IMEMO
Affiliation: Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO)
Address: Moscow, Russia
Journal nameVostok. Afro-Aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost
EditionIssue 3
Pages61-73
Abstract

The events of the Arab Spring resulted in transformation of the political regimes and reconfiguration of the Middle East region. The “Arab Awakening” and its consequences had impact on foreign policy of Iran and Turkey. Both of these countries perceived the beginning of the Arab Spring as an opportunity to expand their regional influence. But the unpredictability of the protests had not met the expectations of Tehran and Ankara. The protracted internal conflicts in several Arab Spring countries and the intervention of external forces in these conflicts led both to a change in the Iranian and Turkish approaches and the emergence of new trends in Iranian and Turkish policy in the Arab world.

 

In times of the deepening Syrian and Yemeni crises, the security issue is becoming increasingly important for Iran and establishing its policies in the Middle East. In this context, the creation of a border “buffer zone” by uniting pro-Iranian regional forces is acquiring special significance.

 

The importance of countering national security challenges has also increased for Turkey's policy in the Arab world. Ankara is more willing to use the force factor during its military operations in Syria, providing military assistance to the Libyan Government in Tripoli and developing military cooperation with Qatar.

 

The Arab Spring and the issues of its influence on the foreign policy of Iran and Turkey attract the attention of both Iranian and Turkish expert communities. Iranian and Turkish experts’ evaluations are important for better understanding of Iranian and Turkish regional approaches and foreign policy thinking.

Keywordsthe Arab Spring, Iran, Turkey, the Middle East, foreign policy of Iran, foreign policy of Turkey, international relations
Received25.05.2021
Publication date22.06.2021
Number of characters32027
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1 Десятилетие спустя после начала событий Арабской весны, стремительно трансформировавших политическое устройство ряда государств, можно констатировать новую региональную конфигурацию на Ближнем Востоке. Вместе с тем фактор «арабского пробуждения» и его последствия до сих пор продолжают косвенно влиять на внешнеполитические стратегии Ирана и Турции – двух мусульманских стран региона, не относящихся к арабскому миру. В статье будут рассмотрены подходы иранских и турецких исследователей к Арабской весне с точки зрения ее влияния на внешнюю политику Тегерана и Анкары, а также новые тенденции в политике этих государств на арабском поле.
2 Проблематика влияния Арабской весны на внешнюю политику Ирана и Турции привлекла к себе внимание российских, иранских и турецких авторов, опубликовавших целый ряд научных статей после начала революционных процессов на Ближнем Востоке.
3 В работах отечественных исследователей изучались вопросы эволюции понятий «арабское пробуждение» и/или «арабское возрождение» в идеологических и концептуальных основах внешней политики ИРИ [Филин и др., 2019] или её ближневосточный вектор [Ахмедов, 2020; Бирюков, 2017]. Российские авторы рассматривали ближневосточную политику Ирана и Турции в целом [Глазова и др., 2014; Шлыков, 2012], турецко-сирийские отношения [Васильев, 2016] и влияние «арабской весны» на политику Турции в других регионах [Варбанец, 2012].
4 Иранские эксперты исследовали новые внешнеполитические подходы, обусловленные «арабским пробуждением» [Неджад, 2014], а также изменившиеся региональные обстоятельства, в которых Иран оказался после этих событий [Al-Smadi, 2017]. Турецкие авторы анализировали позицию Анкары в отношении «арабской весны» и возможности продвижения в арабском мире «турецкой модели» развития [Duran, Özdemir, 2012; Kösebalaban, 2020]. В работах турецких политологов неоднократно поднималась тема эволюции турецкой внешней политики под влиянием ближневосточных протестов [Akıllı, 2012; Kardaş, 2013; Oğuzlu, 2020(1), 2020(2)]. Отдельное внимание уделялось развитию отношений Турции со странами Персидского залива после начала «арабской весны» [Oktav, 2013].
5 Политика Ирана: переОсмысление приоритетов
6 События Арабской весны способствовали актуализации во внешней и внутренней политике Ирана концепции «Исламского пробуждения» (перс. бидари-йе эслами). Её суть в самом общем виде заключалась в гиперболизации роли исламской революции 1979 г. до мессианской и представлении ИРИ в качестве катализатора развития исламизма в странах мусульманского мира [Филин, Кокликов, Медушевский, 2019]. На этом основании в общественно-политическом дискурсе ИРИ «арабская весна» часто заменяется на «арабское возрождение», с целью подчеркнуть преемственность иранской и арабских революций, а также обозначить стремление ИРИ к универсализации идеи исламского мира.

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