Geography of religion in Russia and abroad: the history of development and the new challenges

 
PIIS020596060005925-9-1
DOI10.31857/S020596060005925-9
Publication type Article
Status Published
Authors
Affiliation: Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow, Staromonetnyi per., 29
Journal nameVoprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki
EditionVolume 40 3
Pages439-467
Abstract

In his 1931 article “The Orient and Oriental Cultures”, Alfred Hettner, one of the foremost geographers of his time, described the geography of religions as the most complicated and the most sensitive area of geographical research. Indeed, there is hardly another geographical discipline that penetrates a purely personal and individual sphere of human existence as deeply as the geography of religion. This demands not only a reverential attitude to the methods for collecting this valuable and often hard-to-get information but also even closer attention to its interpretation. It is shown that, since its inception, the geography of religion went through several stages in its development: pre-secular, quasi-secular, secular, and post-secular. Each of these stages was characterized by the predominance of a particular research area, depending on the number and balance of levels analyzed within the framework of the extended Bochum model (the levels of visible indicators and the ideological and social levels), and on the number and direction of links between them (incoherence, unidirectional and multidirectional links). A synthetic approach of the secular stage is the currently prevailing line of geographical studies of religion at the mega, macro, and meso levels in Russia and worldwide. At the same time, the number of studies of individual and small group religious experiences, employing the theoretical and methodological strategies of a respective post-secular approach, continues to grow.

Keywordsgeography of religion, stages of development, Bochum model, research levels and links between them, secularization
Received06.09.2019
Publication date09.09.2019
Number of characters61142
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